Medieval Literature / Middle Ages

This compilation is designed for teachers and professors creating or revising a Medieval Literature syllabus, a broad subject whose texts run the gamut from the religious to the profane. Read on to discover study guides featuring expert analyses and discussion topics on some of the most frequently taught texts of the Middle Ages, such as Dante’s Inferno and The Canterbury Tales.

Publication year 1377

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Politics & Government, Order & Chaos, Power & Greed, Race, Religion & Spirituality, Community

Tags World History, Medieval, Middle Eastern History, Middle Eastern Literature, Sociology, Philosophy, Philosophy, Classic Fiction, Politics & Government, Religion & Spirituality

Publication year 1989

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags Historical Fiction, British Literature, Medieval, World History, Fantasy, Classic Fiction

Welsh writer Ken Follett begins his novel The Pillars of the Earth (1989) with the sinking of the White Ship in 1120 and ends it with the murder of Thomas Beckett in 1170. This is the first book in the Kingsbridge series, followed by World Without End (2007) and A Column of Fire (2017). Follett later released the prequel, The Evening and the Morning, in 2020.The White Ship sinking in the English Channel resulted in... Read The Pillars of the Earth Summary

Genre Novel/Book in Verse, Fiction

Themes Masculinity, Fathers, Friendship

Tags Historical Fiction, Medieval, Narrative Poem, Action & Adventure, European History, Military & War

The Song of the Cid, also known as El Cantar de mio Cid, is a Spanish epic written in verse by an unknown author. The only surviving medieval Spanish epic, it is widely considered Spain’s national folktale, telling of fictionalized events at the formation of medieval Spain in the 11th century. It is based on the true story of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, a Castilian knight who in reality fought for both Christian and Muslim... Read The Poem of the Cid Summary

Publication year 1983

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Marriage, Truth & Lies

Tags Crime & Law, Education, Education, Medieval, World History, French Literature, European History, Biography

In The Return of Martin Guerre, Natalie Zemon Davis, historian and professor at Princeton University, reconstructs the sixteenth century legend of Martin Guerre, a man with a wooden leg who arrived to a courthouse in Toulouse just in time to denounce an imposter who had stolen his wife, his family, and his inheritance. Arnaud du Tilh, a clever and persuasive peasant with a somewhat sordid past, had indeed taken Martin’s identity, and he nearly escaped... Read The Return of Martin Guerre Summary

Publication year 1230

Genre Novel/Book in Verse, Fiction

Themes Perseverance, Love, Femininity, Sexual Identity, Social Class, Beauty

Tags Narrative Poem, Symbolic Narrative, Romance, Medieval, French Literature, World History, Historical Fiction, Classic Fiction

The Romance of the Rose, or Roman de la Rose in the original French, is an allegorical poem written between the years 1225 and 1278 by two authors, Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun. De Lorris wrote the first three chapters of the work from 1225-1230, and de Meun added nine additional chapters from approximately 1269-1278. Not much is known about either author, but the poem became a foundational piece of medieval literature, particularly... Read The Romance of the Rose Summary

Publication year 1500

Genre Play, Fiction

Tags Classic Fiction, Elizabethan Era, Education, Education, British Literature, Medieval, Dramatic Literature

The Second Shepherd’s Play is a medieval mystery play written by an anonymous author known as the Wakefield Master that centers on a retelling of the Biblical story of the Nativity. The play is written in verse. At the beginning of the play, the 1st shepherd, Col, and the 2nd shepherd, Gib, are guarding their flocks and grumbling about the freezing weather. In his opening speech, Col complains about the fact that as poor shepherds... Read The Second Shepherd's Play Summary

Publication year 1095

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Wins & Losses, Safety & Danger, Religion & Spirituality, Loyalty & Betrayal, Good & Evil, War, Nation, Emotions/Behavior: Courage

Tags Medieval, Narrative Poem, Military & War, European History, Trauma & Abuse, French Literature

Composed at the turn of the 12th century, La Chanson de Roland (translated as The Song of Roland) recounts the events surrounding the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778 CE. The Song of Roland is likely the oldest surviving poem in French and was immensely popular across Europe during the Middle Ages. The poem establishes many tropes and themes that have come to characterize medieval chivalric romances, but Roland is also an epic poem in... Read The Song of Roland Summary

Publication year 1903

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Masculinity, Place, Loyalty & Betrayal, Order & Chaos, Power & Greed, Good & Evil, Wins & Losses

Tags Mythology, Medieval, World History, Classic Fiction, Action & Adventure, Fantasy, Historical Fiction, Children`s Literature, Coming of Age, Fairy Tale & Folklore

The Story of King Arthur and His Knights, written and illustrated by Howard Pyle, was originally published in 1903. Pyle’s Book 1s part of the Arthurian romance genre, which begins with Geoffrey of Monmouth’s introduction of the Arthur character in The History of the Kings of Britain, written in the twelfth century. The Arthurian, or chivalric, romance genre includes texts from many different eras and in many different languages. Pyle’s novel offers an American perspective... Read The Story of King Arthur and His Knights Summary

Publication year 2002

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Gender Identity

Tags Medieval, Mythology, Classic Fiction, Gender & Feminism

The Táin, or the Táin Bó Cuailnge, is an Irish epic that is part of the larger Ulster epic cycle set in a pre-Christian heroic age. Thomas Kinsella’s 1968 translation, which is referred to in this guide, is based on two main sources: a 12th-century partial manuscript and a late 14th-century partial manuscript, both compiled by Christian monks in Irish monasteries. The Celtic source material for The Táin is far more ancient and would have... Read The Tain Summary

Publication year 1995

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes War, Beauty, Religion & Spirituality

Tags Fantasy, Historical Fiction, Mythology, Action & Adventure, Military & War, Medieval, World History

The Winter King is a 1995 novel by Bernard Cornwell. It is the first volume of the Warlord Chronicles series, a reimagining of the legend of King Arthur stripped of magic and romance and instead steeped in the grim realities of Britain after the fall of the Roman Empire. It was followed up by Enemy of God (1996) and Excalibur (1997). By the time Cornwell published The Winter King, he had established his reputation as... Read The Winter King Summary

Publication year 1920

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Truth & Lies, Love, Coming of Age

Tags Historical Fiction, Medieval, Scandinavian Literature, World History, Romance, Classic Fiction

Publication year 1385

Genre Novel/Book in Verse, Fiction

Themes Love, Gender Identity, Coming of Age, Marriage, Social Class, War, Beauty, Literature, Religion & Spirituality

Tags Classic Fiction, Medieval, Narrative Poem, Romance, Military & War, Education, Education, World History

Troilus and Criseyde is an epic poem by Geoffrey Chaucer written between 1382 and 1386 in Middle English. The poem is divided into five books and features Chaucer’s innovation, the Rhyme royal stanza form, which is a seven-line stanza in iambic pentameter with an ABABBCC rhyme scheme. The poem is set during the Trojan War and tells the tragic story of Troilus, a prince of Troy who falls in love with a young woman named... Read Troilus and Criseyde Summary

Publication year 2015

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Hate & Anger, Love, Power & Greed

Tags Fantasy, Romance, Fairy Tale & Folklore, Relationships, Medieval

Uprooted (2016) is a fantasy novel inspired by Polish folktales and written by New York Times bestselling American fantasy author Naomi Novik, best known for her Temeraire series. In Uprooted, a young woman named Agnieszka lives in a small village in a valley on the edge of the deadly Wood. It is the task of the Dragon, a powerful wizard in a nearby tower, to keep the Wood at bay. As payment, the Dragon chooses... Read Uprooted Summary

Publication year 1994

Genre Biography, Nonfiction

Tags Historical Fiction, Asian History, Education, Education, Medieval, World History, Chinese Literature, Travel Literature, Action & Adventure

When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433 is a nonfiction book published in 1994 by Louise Levathes. In a narrative that predates the voyages of Christopher Columbus, Levathes examines a three-decade period in the early 15th century when China launched seven major sea voyages. Levathes holds a master’s degree in journalism from Columbia University and worked for ten years as a staff writer for National Geographic. In 1990, she... Read When China Ruled the Seas Summary

Publication year 2007

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Order & Chaos, Power & Greed, Femininity, Social Class, Religion & Spirituality, Politics & Government

Tags Historical Fiction, Medieval, British Literature, World History, Fantasy, Romance