Modernism

Originating in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, the hallmarks of literary Modernism include an emphasis on the individual rather than society, stream-of-consciousness and other breaks from traditional literary formats, and rich psychological symbolism. This study guide collection summarizes and analyzes titles from some of the most renowned Modernist writers, including but not limited to T.S. Eliot, J.D. Salinger, Virginia Woolf, Ernest Hemingway, and Katherine Mansfield.

Abend Der Worte

by Paul Celan

Publication year 1950

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Memory, Safety & Danger, Art, Fear, The Past, Good & Evil, Guilt

Tags Lyric Poem, Modernism, Post-War Era, Trauma & Abuse, Grief & Death, European History, World War II, Holocaust

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A Farewell to Arms

by Ernest Hemingway

Publication year 1929

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags The Lost Generation, Modernism, American Literature, Military & War, World History, Historical Fiction, Romance, Classic Fiction

A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway and published in 1929, is the story of Frederic Henry, an officer with the Italian army in World War I, and his relationship with Catherine Barkley, a British nurse. Some have noted the similarities between the main character and Hemingway, who also served in the Italian army as an ambulance driver in 1918, and his nurse, Agnes Von Kurowsky, who cared for Hemingway after he was wounded.The... Read A Farewell to Arms Summary

And Then There Were None

by Agatha Christie

Publication year 1939

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Death, Fate, Safety & Danger, Memory, The Past, Guilt, Conflict, Justice, Fear, Gender Identity, Masculinity, Femininity, Truth & Lies, Appearance & Reality, Apathy, Colonialism

Tags Mystery & Crime Fiction, Horror & Suspense, Modernism, Classic Fiction

Published in 1939, And Then There Were None is a mystery novel by Agatha Christie, best-selling novelist of all time, outsold only by the Bible and Shakespeare. With over 100 million copies sold, And Then There Were None is the world’s best-selling crime novel as well as one of the best-selling books of all time. It has had more adaptations than any other work by Agatha Christie, including television programs, films, radio broadcasts, and most... Read And Then There Were None Summary

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

by James Joyce

Publication year 1916

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Coming of Age, Religion & Spirituality, Art, Language

Tags Classic Fiction, Coming of Age, Life-Inspired Fiction, Irish Literature, Modernism, Education, Education, World History

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is the 1916 debut novel by Irish author James Joyce. The novel tells the story of Stephen Dedalus, a thinly-veiled alter ego for Joyce, who embarks on a journey of artistic awakening. As a landmark novel in the history of literary modernism, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man has been hailed as one of the most important works of the 20th century and... Read A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Summary

Becket

by Jean Anouilh

Publication year 1959

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Religion & Spirituality, Friendship, Power & Greed

Tags Historical Fiction, Tragedy, Religion & Spirituality, European History, Politics & Government, French Literature, Modernism, Medieval, World History, Dramatic Literature, Classic Fiction

Becket or The Honor of God is a 1959 play by the French dramatist Jean Anouilh. It portrays a fictionalized version of the conflict that took place between King Henry II of England and the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, in the 12th century. The English translation of the play premiered on Broadway in 1960 to great acclaim and was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film in 1964.The central conflict of Becket, which ended in... Read Becket Summary

Birches

by Robert Frost

Publication year 1915

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Childhood & Youth, Memory, Appearance & Reality

Tags Lyric Poem, Science & Nature, American Literature, Modernism

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Bliss

by Katherine Mansfield

Publication year 1918

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Marriage, Sexual Identity, Love, Gender Identity, Loyalty & Betrayal, Beauty

Tags Modernism, Education, Education, World History, Romance, LGBTQ+, Classic Fiction

“Bliss” is a short story written by New Zealand author Katherine Mansfield. It was originally published in 1918 in The English Review and later republished in 1920 as a collection of short stories entitled Bliss and Other Stories. Katherine Mansfield was a contemporary of British writers such as Virginia Woolf (Mrs. Dalloway, Orlando), D. H. Lawrence (Sons and Lovers, Women in Love), and James Joyce (Ulysses, Dubliners). As a Modernist story, “Bliss” focuses on the... Read Bliss Summary

Cane

by Jean Toomer

Publication year 1923

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Sexual Identity, Community

Tags Harlem Renaissance, American Literature, Modernism, Race & Racism, Trauma & Abuse, Science & Nature, Education, Education, World History, Classic Fiction

Cane, Jean Toomer’s most famous book, was first published in 1923. The original publication of the novel was a foundational moment in the Harlem Renaissance literary movement. Cane’s reissue (after being out of print for many years) in 1967 came out during the Second Renaissance of African American literature. This guide cites the 2019 Penguin Books edition. This guide also briefly mentions lynching and other racial violence as they appear in the novel.Other work by... Read Cane Summary

Eveline

by James Joyce

Publication year 1904

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Memory, Grief, Love, Family, Colonialism

Tags Irish Literature, Modernism, Gender & Feminism, Education, Education, World History, Classic Fiction

“Eveline” is the fourth short story in James Joyce’s Dubliners collection, completed in 1907 and published in London in 1914. This story, like the others in Dubliners, reveals Joyce’s view of Ireland, then a British colony, as existing in a state of paralysis. Alongside this broader theme, “Eveline” also explores topics like duty versus freedom, English imperialism, and individual autonomy. Nearly a story of a young woman escaping the confines of her abusive and lonely... Read Eveline Summary