51 pages • 1-hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death.
During breakfast, Jack reads the “This Day in History” column. On June 26, 1541, Francisco Pizarro was killed; on June 26, 1945, the United Nations vowed to bring peace to the world—though, as Miss Volker notes, wars continue. Finished eating, Jack reads a landmark biography about John F. Kennedy, who fought in the Pacific theater as a member of the Navy during World War II. While on night patrol, a Japanese destroyer wrecked Kennedy’s boat, and Kennedy helped save his crew.
The next morning, Jack reads Miss Volker’s obituary for the Hells Angels member. She acknowledges that he was a stranger, and she notes his satanic tattoos. She attributes his compulsion to dance to a dancing plague, “St. John’s Dance,” that originated in Germany during 1374. According to Miss Volker, the plague was in France during 1518, and it was in Salem, Massachusetts. Now, it’s likely in Norvelt.
The Hells Angels arrive and head to the funeral parlor, where they steal a casket and put the dead biker in it. On his tricycle, Mr. Spizz chases them. Bunny says that the dead biker bought an empty Norvelt home to use as a clubhouse for the Hells Angels. The Hells Angels believe that someone purposely killed the biker to stop the clubhouse. As payback, the Hells Angels put a “curse” on Norvelt.
Mom wants to get a sewing job at the Norvelt Pants Factory. Before World War II, the factory produced clothes for coal miners and farmers. During the war, the factory produced uniforms for the Army. Now, the factory only has a few workers, and they make brown or gray pants for office workers.
The 1080 poison produces a “massacre,” so Jack hurries to Miss Volker’s house to help her deal with the dead vermin. Scared, Jack enters the basement. He tells the vermin to run away if they’re still alive—he doesn’t want to kill them. He spots a box of Valentine’s Day chocolates. Mr. Spizz gave them to Miss Volker, and Miss Volker put 1080 poison in the chocolates to trick the vermin. Though Miss Volker killed them, she wants to give them a burial.
Miss Volker likes Girl Scout cookies, and she tells Jack to bring some Girl Scout cookies to the Community Center so that the older people can eat them. Miss Volker admits that she wants them to die so that her obligation to Eleanor Roosevelt will end. She thinks Norvelt might disappear. A few months ago, she sold her sister’s house to a young man, hoping that he’d bring other young people to Norvelt.
July arrives, and it’s Jack’s birthday. Mom now works at the pants factory. She gets the factory’s industrial-strength, petroleum-based grease remover to get rid of the stains on Jack’s shirt and remove the paint on War Chief’s face. Mom also hires a farrier to clip War Chief’s hooves. Mom offers Jack as payment for the farrier, but the farrier wants cash.
Aside from the grease remover, Jack gets three cotton dish towels, a “get out of jail free” card, a “one flight in the J-3” card (212), and a pass to see a double feature at the Viking drive-in. More so, Jack’s parents think it’s time to give him an allowance, so Dad hands Jack a $2 bill.
Jack’s birthday is on a Sunday, and Jack drives Miss Volker to church. She jokes more about him being her boyfriend, and she promises to give Jack her car after she dies. She also tells Jack to throw out his iron drops.
According to Miss Volker, too much iron in the blood leads to hemochromatosis—a disease that wrecks the pancreas and liver and causes depression. Miss Volker claims that the canonized American novelist Ernest Hemingway died of hemochromatosis.
In church, Jack thinks about how the spiritual environment creates a dreamlike time. He imagines heaven as a colorful place with infinite bread and no worries.
On the night of Jack’s birthday, Jack and his parents play Monopoly, and Mom claims that the game teaches people how to “ruin” lives. The Hells Angels arrive and set Miss Volker’s sister’s house on fire. The young person whom Miss Volker sold it to turns out to be the Hells Angel hit by the cement truck. Mom believes that the gang wants to scare the Norvelt community. Jack thinks about his book on “lost worlds” and wonders why the Greeks burned Troy and the Goths burned Rome. Mr. Spizz, who’s also the volunteer fire deputy, manages to save some of Miss Volker’s sister’s ceramic pots.
Miss Volker writes an obituary for her sister’s house. The column notes how Eleanor Roosevelt persuaded the government to make the houses decent, not barebones. Miss Volker writes that her sister’s husband, Chester Hap, helped people with their electricity; in exchange, they helped him build his house. The sister taught art at the Community Center, and she and her husband adopted a Japanese baby so that it wouldn’t live in a concentration camp. During World War II, the American government, fearing spies, forced Japanese people on the West Coast to leave their homes and live in the camps. The government located the Japanese baby and removed him. Miss Volker compares the apathy of the government to the hatred of the Hells Angels. Mr. Greene thinks Miss Volker is “los[ing] her mind.”
Dad has a new “top-secret job.” He believes that Miss Volker should follow her sister and move to Florida. He thinks that Norvelt won’t last much longer. Mr. Spizz takes pictures of Dad’s runway and says that he knows about Dad’s private flying lessons. Mr. Spizz won’t press the issue if Jack goes to the hardware store and buys him a tin of the 1080 poison. He’ll also forget about the ticket.
Mr. Spizz would go to the hardware store himself, but a Hells Angels kicked him, and he tripped trying to save the pots from Miss Volker’s sister’s house. Mr. Spizz claims that he needs 1080 to kill vermin in the dump by the gas station. Jack is suspicious, but he agrees to buy the poison. He has to sign a sheet when he buys it, and the last person who signed it was Mr. Huffer.
Mrs. Dubicki has died, so Miss Volker can now write an obituary for her. Mrs. Rena Dubicki was born in Slovenia in 1876. Her family came to the United States on an ocean liner. On the ship, her parents lost her, but fearing trouble, they didn’t tell the authorities. Eventually, they reunited. Mrs. Dubicki married, and her husband died of black lung disease. Since Mrs. Dubicki died on July 4, Miss Volker mentions American Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, who each died on July 4, 1826, and allegedly mentioned one another or their “last words.” Miss Volker praises Jefferson’s ostensibly populist ideology.
The historical fiction genre is pertinent in Chapters 11-16. Norvelt is a real town in Pennsylvania that was created by the Roosevelt administration, but Miss Volker distorts the influence of Eleanor Roosevelt. In Chapter 14, Miss Volker refers to Eleanor as “the godmother” twice, implying that Eleanor was instrumental in the town’s creation. In reality, Norvelt was the product of Milburn Wilson and Eleanor’s husband, who pushed through the policies that led to extensive government intervention. Despite this, the town was named to honor the first lady. As a result, Miss Volker treats her like a god. In this way, Eleanor becomes a key symbol in the text. Similar to how a religious person feels bonded to their god, Miss Volker remains firmly linked to Eleanor, worshipping her like a deity. She refuses to leave the town until her “duty to Eleanor Roosevelt [is] over” (202). The “duty” involves memorializing the original Norvelters. Miss Volker makes it seem like she made an explicit promise to Eleanor or that Eleanor specifically assigned her the task. Such an occurrence, however farfetched, reinforces the deity symbolism, with Eleanor calling on Miss Volker the way a god might reach a person from a religion.
In addition to the historical fiction genre, the novel increasingly connects to the murder mystery genre. For example, Miss Volker tells Jack, “Deep inside I’m wishing that they would all drop dead and then my duty to Eleanor Roosevelt would be over” (202). Her wish that the older women will die suggests that she has a motive to kill them. The emphasis on the Compound 1080 poison also implicates Miss Volker because she uses it. Mr. Spizz, too, becomes a part of the murder mystery. After buying the 1080 for Mr. Spizz, Jack thinks, “I just knew something bad was headed my way” (247). The odious feeling is foreshadowing. As the deaths continue, the murder mystery genre expands, becoming increasingly prominent in the novel.
Jack’s character develops a spiritual layer in Chapter 13 when he takes Miss Volker to church. Using imagery, Jack creates a vivid picture of heaven: It’s colorful and serves bread that comes in “in every shape you can imagine” (219). Jack’s spirituality reinforces his humorous yet earnest character. It also reveals his conscientiousness. Jack says, “[N]ot having a worry in the world was the definition of heaven” (220). A compassionate person, Jack has many worries. The future frightens him, and the present continually upsets him, leading to his nosebleeds, a recurring motif in the text.
Confronting Death and Violence and History as Guidance work together in these chapters. Notably, the Hells Angels already brought death to Norvelt, and now they bring violence by burning down Miss Volker’s house. To understand why the Hells Angels burned down the home, Jack looks to history, drawing parallels to the Greeks burning Tory and the Goths burning Rome. History reveals that burning places are common, and the Hells Angels continue the destructive cycle. Standing on the side of reason, Jack says, “It seemed like the smartest thing to do would be to capture the city and keep it for yourself” (226). Jack’s thinking reinforces the claim that a person can confront brutality without becoming callous or unthinking. Jack doesn’t surrender to destruction, but he uses history to come up with more sensible futures.



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