66 pages • 2-hour read
Holly BrickleyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of illness, death, sexual harassment, addiction, and emotional abuse.
The year is 2000. University of California, Berkeley students Joe Morrow and Percy Marks meet when Joe spots Percy singing along to a pop song at a bar. When the song “Sara Smile” by Hall and Oates starts playing, Joe comments that it is a perfect song. Percy disagrees and calls it a perfect track, arguing that a perfect song can be played differently and still sound great because it has “stronger bones.”
Percy returns to her friends, Megan and Trent, at a booth, where they are planning a house party. Megan and Trent saw Percy talking to Joe, whom they recognized as the boyfriend of Zoe Gutierrez. Percy is disappointed that Joe is spoken for because she finds his reactions endearing. Megan alerts Percy to the presence of her former co-workers, the staff at Amoeba Music, a record store in Berkeley. Percy was mortified by her past work experience because of how snobbish the staff members were, but she is relieved to see that a particular colleague, Neil, is not among the group.
After Trent and Megan leave, Joe asks Percy to name a perfect song. They debate over Percy’s answer—“In My Life” by the Beatles—and bond over their shared love of music. Percy invites Joe to the house party, but he cannot attend because it is taking place on the same night as Zoe’s dad’s birthday. Joe posits that his relationship with Zoe feels like a perfect track, but not a perfect song. Worried over the implications of this statement, Percy reassures him that perfect tracks are still good in and of themselves. She is also thrilled that he transposed her ideas onto something emotional.
Joe asks Percy if he can share one of his songs with her. He invites her to hang out some more, but Percy quips that she always gets disappointed when she hangs out with musicians. On the walk home, she grows excited by the prospect of hearing Joe’s song.
The morning after the house party, Percy gets Joe’s compact disc (CD) in the mail. Joe’s song reminds Percy of indie folk musician Elliott Smith. She is relieved that the song is of decent quality and reaches out to Joe through instant messaging. Percy critiques the song over the absence of a hook and its forced, generic melody, but she praises him for his singing voice and the deftness of the bridge. She suggests swapping the melodies of the verse and the bridge, and Joe is open to this idea. Immediately after logging off, Percy regrets her critical comments and wishes that she could take them back.
She prepares an apologetic speech to give to Joe the next time she sees him. When they meet, Joe tells her that her suggestions worked and that he is making final revisions to the lyrics. When he asks about Percy’s musical background, she claims not to have any musical talent. She admits that she sometimes gets self-conscious over the idea of songwriting and says that the topic of her capabilities is making her anxious. The conversation moves on to Joe’s background, and he shares that he grew up in the Bay Area suburbs; his mom died of melanoma when he was younger.
Joe invites Percy to write a music column for the zine that he and Zoe publish, which is called Ring Finger. Percy buys a copy of the zine’s latest issue and reads Zoe’s work, then decides to contrast her writing against the heaviness that she sees in Zoe’s essay.
At the end of the week, Joe tells Percy that he has finished the song, which is entitled “Somebody Said.” He invites her to his house, wanting to play it for her. A starstruck Percy conveys her elation with the result, and Joe thanks her for her help.
Percy spends the weekend writing her first column for Ring Finger. She starts drafting a piece on “Surf’s Up” by the Beach Boys but finds that she is talking too much about her rebellious preference for her middle name, Percy (which is short for “Persephone”). In the second draft, she tries to argue that “Surf’s Up” is proof that the Beach Boys had punk sensibilities, but she digresses with an aside about her own mother’s punk sensibilities, which manifested in her short-lived classical music career.
In the third draft, she front-loads the essay with a discussion of her mom’s punk sensibilities. One afternoon, Percy’s mother made her listen to “Surf’s Up,” hoping to give her an alternative to the pop punk music of the day. The song instantly transported Percy to a ruined world where she felt wonder, loneliness, and unresolved tension and was powerfully struck with the insight of life’s immensity. Afterwards, she cried to her mother over the song’s beauty.
In the fourth draft, Percy recalls that her mother tried to teach her to play the piano. Percy begged off from her lessons when she realized that she didn’t have the skill or talent for it. Percy later regretted this decision when she attempted to teach herself to play “Surf’s Up” on the keyboard and found herself frustrated by its difficulty. She resigned herself to the belief that she would never write a song as good as “Surf’s Up” and reassured herself that she had the skills to appreciate it, which gave her a way to make music a part of her life.
Now, Percy decides to scrap her essay on “Surf’s Up” altogether and writes about a song that will appeal to college readers: “The King of Carrot Flowers Pt. One” by Neutral Milk Hotel. In her first draft, she recalls her early obsession with the band. Their music resonated with the resentment she felt next to her overly competent brother, a star athlete. Percy stops the draft as she starts talking about her friend, Sandy.
The next draft begins with Percy describing Sandy. Percy was elated to hear that Sandy expressed her liking for “The King of Carrot Flowers Pt. One.” Sandy corrected Percy’s interpretation of what “carrot flowers” referred to, which caused Percy to worry about whether people at Berkeley would think she was stupid. Sandy and Percy drifted apart after high school ended. At Berkeley, Percy didn’t meet any other Neutral Milk Hotel fans until she started working at Amoeba Music. Even then, her co-workers didn’t care for her misinterpretation of the lyrics and rarely ever talked about their personal relationships to songs.
Percy stops writing this draft, fearing that it is too vulnerable to publish. She writes a less personal essay about a No Doubt song, burying all the other drafts in an “archives” folder on her computer. Later, she takes another stab at writing about “The King of Carrot Flowers Pt. One.” This draft recounts that during a work break at Amoeba, her coworker Neil criticized In the Aeroplane over the Sea, provoking Percy’s defense of the album. She then shifted her critique towards Neil, urging him to express how Neutral Milk Hotel’s albums make him feel instead of passing abstract judgment over them. As an older member of Generation X, Neil was naturally skeptical of Percy’s love for authenticity and fun, which motivated his criticism of Neutral Milk Hotel. On one occasion, Neil kissed Percy, and she perfunctorily returned the gesture. He then started introducing Percy as his girlfriend and later tried to take her virginity. She ran away from him in the middle of having sex and soon quit her job at Amoeba.
Joe invites Percy to work on some more songs together. When Percy arrives, she is surprised to hear Joe listening to a hip-hop song— “Fight the Power” by Public Enemy. Joe explains that hip-hop helped him to work through his grief after the death of his mother. He later elaborates that the song was a useful conduit for his anger, allowing him to cope with his father’s alcohol addiction. Percy is surprised to hear Joe describe himself as being full of rage. Joe replies that he has disguised his rage as a cynical version of calm.
Joe admits that he doesn’t have the instinct for improving his songs. Even after Percy denies that she is a songwriter, he asks for her feedback. They spend the night working on his songs, sometimes debating over Joe’s textbook knowledge of music theory. More often than not, Joe concedes to Percy’s suggestions.
At sunrise, he offers to drive Percy home. She nearly falls asleep in the car, but Joe beckons her to talk to him to keep him awake during the drive. He asks her to tell him about her high school experience. Percy explains that she didn’t have many friends growing up because she tended to repel them. Both of her parents worked blue-collar jobs, and Percy spent whatever she earned from her summer jobs on CDs. Joe wonders what made her like music so much. Percy answers that songs “gave [her] a window into a magical life” (35). She believed that if she gave songs enough attention, they would show her the way to live correctly.
Zoe invites Percy to a Ring Finger editorial meeting. Zoe is warm to Percy, having heard many good things about her from Joe. The editorial team has read Percy’s article on “Total Hate ’95” by No Doubt, which argues against performatively disliking the band and instead encourages readers to enjoy the fun of ska music. Two editors are skeptical of the piece, stating that it feels too mainstream and corporate for the zine. Zoe defends Percy’s work, calling it flippant in a way that matches the zine’s energy.
Percy stays in Berkeley instead of flying home to Indiana for Thanksgiving. She spends most of her time working on new columns for Ring Finger, layering in sociopolitical commentary to deepen her discussion. After Thanksgiving, Zoe and Joe invite Percy to visit the suburb where they grew up. Zoe admits that she gave “Total Hate ’95” another try and still hated the song, which Percy mocks. When Zoe calls her annoying, Percy becomes self-deprecating. Zoe reassures her that being annoying is not the same as being hated. Percy acknowledges that she is at her best when she is being annoying about music.
Percy, Joe, and Zoe go to an open-mic night. Zoe confides that she is planning to break up with Joe and that she would approve of Percy as a match for him, calling her his “musical soulmate.” Zoe then comes out as lesbian to Percy to explain why their breakup is imminent. Zoe feels guilty about breaking up with Joe because he doesn’t have anyone else to turn to. Finally, she thanks Percy for being good for Joe. Percy admits that she would rather be thanked for helping Joe with his songs.
Percy, Joe, and Zoe return to Zoe’s parents’ house with another boy named Luke Skinner. Percy soon realizes that Luke is there to audition as a guitarist for Joe’s band. Percy and Joe sleep over in Zoe’s room, and when Percy wakes up early the next morning, she overhears Zoe’s parents talking about how Joe likes his coffee. Percy sees photos of Zoe and Joe growing up together and realizes that Joe is, in some ways, a Gutierrez. Percy thinks about being a good match for Joe and regards the potential of their relationship with hope.
Brickley starts the novel by framing its main characters as people who need each other. Percy is characterized as a loner whose love of music tends to alienate the people around her, while Joe is a budding musician who needs the insight of a music lover to help him improve his craft. Percy’s ability to figure out exactly what Joe’s songs need endears her to him. Conversely, Joe’s openness to Percy’s insight makes her feel less alone in the world. Thus, there is a transactional quality to the dynamic between them. Percy can choose to stop giving Joe feedback at any time, but this won’t necessarily mean that he will give up his craft in her absence. Percy has more to lose by letting Joe go because, unlike him, she cannot engage with music in the same way in his absence.
Because the author tells the story exclusively from Percy’s perspective, this stylistic decision suggests that the novel is less about what it means to grow in one’s craft as an artist than it is about the person who stands at the periphery of that arc. Percy insists that she has no artistic talent, apart from writing. No matter how much she gives of herself to her passions, she resigns herself to the idea that she is the type of person “who [can] only appreciate” (22) music, not create it. Percy is therefore forced to watch Joe’s rise as a musician from the sidelines, though in these early chapters, he remains accessible while he is still in the process of becoming a star. The tension between Percy’s perceived lack of talent and what she can offer Joe establishes the novel’s focus on the Pursuit of Impossible Desire.
Percy is also forced to reckon with the role she can play in Joe’s life. On one hand, she wants to give in to her growing attraction to him, but when she meets Zoe, she also sees what it takes to make a mark in Joe’s life. At first, Zoe is presented as a possible rival for Joe’s affections, but Zoe herself dispels this tension by declaring that their relationship is doomed to fail. With this tension defused, Percy is left to see how Zoe and her family have filled in the gap that Joe’s family members have left in his life. She realizes that Joe is more like her than she anticipated; he is a loner who has resolved his loneliness by becoming a part of another family unit. Percy, however, feels like an intruder as she sneaks around the Gutierrez house, catching glimpses of Zoe and Joe’s life together. This mood ultimately resonates with the title of the novel, the meaning of which is revealed in Chapter 3 when Percy posits that a “deep cut” can mean more than a song buried deep in a musician’s body of work, writing, “How deep does it cut? How close to the bone? How long do you feel it?” (27).
Percy’s character arc is effectively her quest to become a deep cut in someone else’s life, or else to find someone who can become a deep cut in her own. The novel reinforces this structurally by naming each chapter after a song that prominently features in it. Not only does this choice lend verisimilitude to Joe’s fictional songs, but it also builds a new mythology around real-world songs. The author deliberately invites readers to consider whether Percy is right to describe “Sara Smile” as a perfect track rather than a perfect song. The narrative itself is designed to put an end to aloofness in the face of something fun like “Total Hate ‘95.” The author also examines anger as a form of grief, showing how songs like “Fight the Power” become powerful conduits for emotion. In a sense, the metaphorical mixtape that emerges from the songs in each chapter stands as an alternate form for the novel, telling the story of the most important relationship in Percy’s life. The text itself can be read like liner notes that Percy has written for this mixtape, giving her song choices context for greater appreciation and telling the story of her most important relationships in the process.



Unlock all 66 pages of this Study Guide
Get in-depth, chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis from our literary experts.