42 pages 1-hour read

Dragons in a Bag

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2018

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism.


Nine-year-old Jaxon’s mother, Alicia, tries to shield him from the family’s problems, such as their landlord’s efforts to evict them from their apartment in Brooklyn, New York. When she has to appear in court, she asks an elderly woman whom she calls Ma to watch Jaxon for a few hours. Jaxon has never met the mysterious woman before and assumes that she’s his grandmother. The thought of his mother leaving him with a stranger makes him feel like crying, but he makes sure that his mother doesn’t see that he’s upset. Jaxon would rather go to the house of his friend Vikram Patel, whose parents are fond of him and consider him a good influence on their son.


At first, Ma curses and refuses to let Jaxon into her apartment. Alicia begins to cry and pleads, “You’re all he has” (3). Jaxon has never seen his mother beg before. He wants to hold her hand, but he shies away from the door and grips onto his backpack’s straps instead. When Ma closes the door, Alicia wearily dries her eyes and takes her son’s hand, preparing to leave. Ma opens the door and says, “One day. Give me your word, Alicia. One day” (4). Alicia promises, hugs her son goodbye, and quickly pushes him through the doorway into Ma’s dark apartment. Before Jaxon can ask his mother when she’ll return, she hurries down the stairs.

Chapter 2 Summary

Ma tells Jaxon to lock the door, but he only turns one of the three locks and leaves his book bag by the door because he thinks that he might need to flee from the apartment and go to the Patels. He takes in the apartment’s dim lighting, musty smell, and tidiness. A clatter of pots and pans draws Jaxon’s attention to the kitchen. He politely declines when Ma asks him if he’s hungry, but she makes him a peanut butter sandwich anyway. Jaxon sees a small box covered in colorful stamps but with no return address sitting on Ma’s kitchen table. She tells him that an old friend who lives in Madagascar sent it to her. Sensing that the woman is testing him, Jaxon tells her some of the geography facts he knows about Madagascar and Africa. Ma seems impressed by the boy’s knowledge. He’s irritated that adults tend to assume that children don’t know much, but he tries to hide his annoyance. When he mentions that Madagascar is home to many rare animals, she agrees with a laugh. To Jaxon’s astonishment, the box jumps when he reaches for it. He hides his surprise as Ma brings him the peanut butter sandwich and joins him at the table.


Ma tells Jaxon that he’s welcome to read any of her books, and he’s happy when he learns that they’re alike in that neither of them has a TV in their home. Ma remarks, “I guess your mama didn’t forget everything I taught her” (12). Then, Ma is shocked to learn that Jaxon thinks that they’re related and tells him, “Boy, I ain’t your granny!” (13). Jaxon is equally surprised by the fact that his mother seems to have left him with a stranger. Ma tells Jaxon to finish his sandwich and go read a book in the living room while she makes a phone call.

Chapter 3 Summary

Alone in the kitchen, Jaxon stares at the now motionless box and wonders if he was only imagining that it jumped. A gray squirrel scratches at the window. To Jaxon’s astonishment, the animal understands him and nods when he asks if she wants to come inside. The boy suspects that Ma won’t appreciate having a rodent in her apartment, but he senses that this is a worthwhile risk given the animal’s remarkable ability to understand him. The squirrel immediately goes to the stamp-covered box and rests her head on it as if listening to the contents. The squirrel tries to communicate with Jaxon, but he can’t understand her. The squirrel sets part of Jaxon’s sandwich on the box, and the box rumbles and jumps.


The squirrel climbs onto the fridge and tries to open a locked cupboard. As Jaxon climbs up to help the animal, Ma enters the kitchen. She gravely asks him, “You didn’t give them any [marshmallows], did you, boy?” (19). Baffled, Jaxon assures her that he didn’t. The squirrel continues her efforts to open the cupboard and screeches at Ma. The woman menaces the animal with a wooden cane and shouts, “Don’t you tell me how to handle my business! I may be old, but I ain’t daft! Now get—GET!” (19). Jaxon is worried when Ma’s cane strikes the box. The squirrel looks at Jaxon, points at the locked cupboard, and exits through the window.

Chapter 4 Summary

Ma picks up the dented carboard box and shoos Jaxon into the living room, which has a wall lined with bookshelves. He selects a book entitled The Wondrous Lizards of Madagascar by L. Roy Jenkins. The boy notices that Ma has an old rotary phone, but it isn’t connected to the wall. When he asks her about her phone call, she brusquely tells him to go read. Jaxon is surprised at his own behavior because he usually follows the rules, and he hopes that if he’s obedient from then on, Ma will tell him what’s in the box. He’s horrified when she punches the box after it jumps again.


Ma calls Jaxon over to her and empties a tin of mints into his hand. Then, she instructs him to turn around and close his eyes while she transfers the contents of the box into the tin. Ma puts the red palm-sized tin and an antique gold pocket watch in her purse. Jaxon sees “pearly purple fragments” of eggshells in the cardboard box and realizes that something hatched inside (27). He wonders what animal could be strong enough to move the box but also small enough to fit inside the mint tin. When he asks Ma what she put in the tin, she angrily tells him not to meddle in adults’ business: “You’re hardheaded, just like your mama. She didn’t listen to me when she had the chance, and now where is she? In court begging some judge to keep a roof over your hard heads” (29). Jaxon tears up and tells the woman not to talk about his mother like that. Ma counters that she knows Alicia better than he does and says that neither he nor his mother are prepared for the trouble that is after them.


Furious, Jaxon goes to the door and puts on his backpack. When he says that he’s going home, Ma laughs uproariously and tells him that he no longer has a home. Jaxon retorts that he should leave because she clearly doesn’t want him around. Ma tells him that she doesn’t have anything against him personally and is simply irritated that he’s keeping her from attending to her business. Jaxon tells Ma that he’s going to his friend Vikram’s house. A growl emanates from Ma’s bag, and the low sound turns into a high-pitched squeal when Ma hits the bag with her cane. As the woman wearily sinks into a chair, Jaxon hurries out of the apartment.

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

In the first section of this middle grade urban fantasy novel, Zetta Elliott establishes the theme of The Importance of Family and Community by exploring factors that weaken human connection. The story is set in contemporary Brooklyn and addresses a number of real-world issues. For example, gentrification is examined as a threat to community. The landlord’s efforts to evict Alicia and Jaxon from their home are an example of the displacement caused by gentrification, and this process impacts Black communities across the country. Alicia’s struggle to resist gentrification leads to the story’s inciting incident, in which she leaves her son with Ma so that she doesn’t have to bring him to her court hearing. The author uses Ma’s reluctance to watch Jaxon to emphasize the family’s vulnerability and lack of connections. The single mother feels that she has no one else to lean on: “Mama puts her other hand on the doorframe and leans in so that the woman on the other side of the door can see and hear just how desperate she is. ‘It’s only for a few hours. Please, Ma. You’re all he has’” (4). At the start of the novel, Alicia’s relationship with her mother figure is strained. This negatively impacts the protagonist’s relationship with Ma, who is a complete stranger and initially seems like a “mean lady” to him (4). As the story continues and Ma and Jaxon grow closer, the protagonist learns more about Ma and Alicia’s complex relationship and seeks to heal the distance between them.


Although Ma doesn’t reveal that she has magic until the next section, the author weaves fantasy elements into these chapters that introduce the theme of The Magic and Wonder in Everyday Life. Like many middle grade fantasy stories, the novel features magical animals. Although the titular dragons are present from Chapter 2 onward, Jaxon doesn’t know what kind of animal they are initially, let alone that they are magical. The first hint of the supernatural appears in Chapter 2 when the box from Madagascar jumps, evoking the protagonist’s sense of wonder and curiosity. In addition to the box’s movement, Elliott foreshadows the revelation of the dragons through the “pearly purple fragments” of eggshells in the cardboard box and through Jaxon and Ma’s conversation about Madagascar’s fauna (27): “‘There are lots of rare animal species that live on Madagascar.’ ‘Ain’t that the truth!’ she replies with a short laugh” (9). The dragons figure prominently in the events of the next two sections, and they come to serve as a motif of the importance of family and community.


Another important event that offers foreshadowing and develops the theme of the magic in everyday life is Jaxon’s interaction with the squirrel. The boy is filled with wonder because the animal can understand what he says to her. Unlike Jaxon, Ma is able to understand what the squirrel is saying, a clue that she has magical training and supernatural abilities. In addition, the squirrel’s attempt to feed the baby dragons marshmallows foreshadows the scene in which Kavita gives the dragons sweets, causing one of them to imprint on her.


Over the course of the novel, Jaxon’s character development guides the theme of The Journey Toward Responsibility and Personal Growth. Elliott portrays the nine-year-old as mature and responsible for his age through his efforts to contain his emotions so that he doesn’t worry his mother and through other characters’ appraisals: “Mrs. Patel calls me a good influence. That’s what the grown-ups who know me always say” (4). However, the young main character shows that he still has some lessons to learn about responsibility when he lets the squirrel into Ma’s kitchen and tries to open a locked cupboard: “I open my mouth to tell Ma that I’m usually a very obedient boy, but no words come out. I almost never break the rules at home, but things feel different here. I feel different here” (22). The unfamiliar situation that Jaxon finds himself in and Ma’s insults toward his mother spur him to act in ways that he normally would not, such as shouting at an adult and storming out into the city without adult supervision. As the story continues, Jaxon’s adventures help him grow in responsibility and maturity.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Unlock all 42 pages of this Study Guide

Get in-depth, chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis from our literary experts.

  • Grasp challenging concepts with clear, comprehensive explanations
  • Revisit key plot points and ideas without rereading the book
  • Share impressive insights in classes and book clubs