59 pages 1-hour read

Fear of Flying

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1973

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Chapters 5-8Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of sexual content, substance use, mental illness, gender discrimination, cursing, and death.

Chapter 5 Summary: “A Report from the Congress of Dreams or Congressing”

Isadora fears that her feelings for Adrian are forcing her to disintegrate. She feels torn between Bennett and Adrian, claiming they represent parts of herself that are in conflict. She laments the impossibility of balancing exuberance with stability. One night, after a party, Adrian drives Isadora and Bennett back to their hotel, and she wishes they could all be honest about what’s going on. Instead, she feels hypocritical for going upstairs with a man she doesn’t want to sleep with, leaving the one she does want to sleep with behind, then having sex with the first while thinking of the second. Ironically, she understands, society calls this “fidelity.”


The next night, the Congress formally opens, and when Adrian arrives, he and Isadora abscond to the parking lot to kiss and fondle each other. Later, they drink too much and act indiscreetly. It occurs to Isadora that all her fantasies include marriage, that she’s unable to imagine herself without a man. However, she also recognizes that being married is only slightly better than being single—mostly because society has made being single so unappealing—and that marriage is never what it’s made out to be. After the reception, Isadora, Bennett, Adrian, and another man and woman go to a discotheque. Surrounded by mirrors, Adrian and Isadora get lost, and she loses sight of Bennett, who she fears has gone off with another woman. Suddenly, she wants Bennett as badly as she wanted Adrian moments before.


Adrian tells her about his life. He claims that happiness used to scare him, and when he got scared, he got married: just like Isadora. He says that we believe we are meant to work and suffer, so we do, but we can opt out of such a life. After getting lost several times, they finally reach the hotel, but he cannot maintain an erection. He was supposed to be Isadora’s zipless fuck, she thinks, and she wonders what happened. At the same time, she doesn’t “really mind,” and she ponders how to reconcile her feminism with her desire for sex with men. She believes that men resent women, in part, because female sexual organs were “always there, always ready” (126), unlike men’s—an inversion of the Freudian concept of penis envy. She believes this is why men created the idea that women are inadequate: because they know that men are. When Adrian defends his manhood, Isadora falls in love with him.

Chapter 6 Summary: “Paroxysms of Passion or the Man Under the Bed”

Isadora is unsurprised by this and recounts a list of every man with whom she’s fallen in love over the past year. She’s been searching for the man she “really wanted” since she was 16, when she and her best friend, Pia, would lament the dearth of acceptable boys in their lives. Isadora and Pia eventually turned to literature and films for romantic fulfillment, viewing themselves as heroines and wondering where the heroes were. The boys they met in college were worse than the ones in high school, and they grew more disillusioned. Isadora and Pia went to each other for intellectual stimulation and sought out men only for physical gratification. Then they’d gossip about the men. They thought they were “free women,” even though their lives had essentially become “manhunts.” They realized that all the brave women they admired—Emily Dickinson, Virginia Woolf, Flannery O’Connor—were only brave in their art, not in their actual lives. Pia is unmarried, and Isadora married twice, but she’s still searching for the perfect man, who one of her analysts told her represents her father. She wonders if the “impossible man” is created only by women’s yearning.

Chapter 7 Summary: “A Nervous Cough”

When Isadora gets back to her hotel room, Bennett is asleep. Later, he accuses her of sleeping with Adrian. He begins clearing his throat, a noise she associates with all their worst moments. She remembers when they traveled from Heidelberg to Paris, how Bennett’s silence made her feel guiltier than ever. At the time, she asked him why he made her feel so lonely, but he said she did that to herself. She accused him of turning on her, punishing her, ruining her Christmas. He refused to say why he was upset and remained mostly silent. The more she pleaded with him to talk to her, to tell her what was wrong, the colder he became.


The next morning was Christmas, and Isadora and Bennett made love hopefully. They spent the day together, but then the car broke down and they had to take the train back to Heidelberg. The soldiers on the train farted and burped all the way, and then Isadora got diarrhea. On New Year’s Day, they learned that Bennett’s grandfather had died, and Isadora knew that Bennett would blame her. Bennett wouldn’t share his feelings, and this drove Isadora away. She turned her attention to her own fantasies and writing. As a child, Isadora had learned that she could take refuge in books to avoid hearing her parents screaming at her. So, while Bennett mourned, she wrote. She still felt inadequate though she won awards for her writing in college and saw that others’ published work wasn’t always good.


Isadora needed encouragement, and Bennett provided. She says they were both “learning how to fish the unconscious” (160), he by analyzing all the death in his life and she by learning how to dig deep into herself. She was afraid of herself but nonetheless managed to write three books of poetry in the next three years; she scrapped the first two and published the third. Then she had to cope with her fear of success, which seemed worse than her fear of failure. She’s not sure whether to associate Adrian with life and Bennet with death, or vice versa.

Chapter 8 Summary: “Tales from the Vienna Woods”

Whenever Isadora is with Bennett, she swears it’s over with Adrian, but whenever she sees Adrian, her resolve weakens. She feels absorbed by her conundrum and forgets about her article. After lunch on the first day of the conference, she escapes with Adrian, and he tells her it will be her fault if their liaison ends. They have unfulfilling sex because he can’t maintain an erection, and she reassures him. He accuses her of acting like a social worker, and she says that she assumed that men’s fragile egos needed coddling. Adrian insists that his doesn’t. They go swimming, and Isadora comments on the fat, pink locals, and Adrian accuses her of satirizing everything. She can feel his semen between her legs, and she is suddenly overcome by her desire to get pregnant and, at the same time, terrified that she could be.


Later, Adrian tells her about a period he spent with a woman named Martine. He met her and two others in Paris, and she professed to have no interest at all in his life, his children, his work. He couldn’t rely on the familiar anymore. This was terrifying but ultimately liberating because he could let go of all his responsibilities. Isadora asks about his kids, and he explains that they were with their mom. She points out that his wife had to worry about real life, while Adrian played around. He resents her implication that he is hypocritical. When she gets back to her hotel, she and Bennett have sex. Bennett is a better lover than Adrian. Isadora realizes she’s more valuable to Bennett now that Adrian wants her, but her “promiscuity” appalls her.


Isadora is overwhelmed by contradictions: She often feels defiant, deserving of whatever pleasure she can wring from life; then, when that mood passes, she feels scared of losing both men, guilty and hopelessly flawed. Bennett says that Adrian represents her father, and she’s acting out an Oedipal situation; he doesn’t care, as long as it’s not love. Adrian accuses Isadora of running between the two men, like her mother and father, trying to earn their love. She considers running away and leaving both.


Bennett wants to take Isadora home so she can restart analysis. She reminds him of all the horrible things he’s said to her, how anytime she tried to get close to him, he sent her to an analyst. He says she’d have been too terrified to write without him. They make love, then, and Bennett wants her to get pregnant. The next day, she meets Adrian again, and he accuses her of avoiding fun; she admits that she feels monstrous, dependent, depressed, like a liability. She feels guilty all the time and believes this to be the plight of women. Adrian wants to take her on a tour of Europe; he’ll discover the continent, and she’ll discover herself. He says he wants her to believe in herself and have some fun, that her marriage is all work and no play. Isadora accuses Adrian of being “hooked on triangles” (183), of being a “vulture.” He says that the dead flesh on which he preys is her marriage, and he calls her and Bennett masochists.


Isadora agrees with both Adrian and Bennett. She appreciates Bennett’s dependability, but Adrian’s arguments appeal to her too. She confesses to Bennett that Adrian is usually unable to maintain an erection, and then she feels like a traitor to them both. When they argue, Bennett accuses Isadora of living out an Oedipal fantasy with Adrian, and she suggests instead that that he is doing so: that she’s his mother, and Adrian is his father, and he’s attracted to them both. Adrian diminishes her, calling her a “princess” and a “bourgeois housewife” and Bennet her “safe little husband” (193). He insults her repeatedly, but when they get lost in the car—again—they become delighted with one another. They have sex when they get back to Adrian’s lodging. At midnight, she calls Bennett and leaves a message when she learns that he’s out. The message includes Adrian’s number and address. She lies in bed, feeling disloyal, and then Bennett bursts into the room. She assumes he’s going to kill her; instead, he strips and “fuck[s her] violently right there on the cot adjoining Adrian’s” (197). Adrian awakens and begins to stroke Bennett’s back. No one speaks. The next day, Adrian drives them back to their hotel in silence. Isadora marvels that they cannot manage a real incident in their own lives, that they can dissect someone else but not themselves. She knows they see her as Pandora, the woman who brought them low.

Chapters 5-8 Analysis

The tension between Bennett and Adrian—however tacit—begins to suggest the conflict Freud identified between the superego and id. The superego represents the societal rules and values that guide behavior, while the id is driven by the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification; the ego or self emerges from the constant negotiation between the two. Bennett symbolizes the superego, punishing Isadora with guilt when she falls short of the ideals he imposes on her; Adrian symbolizes the id, pushing her to pursue pleasure above all else; Isadora represents the ego as she seeks a balance between these opposing forces, trying to assuage her guilt while satisfying at least some of her lusts and longings. Isadora identifies this dynamic, saying, “Bennett’s careful, compulsive, and boring steadfastness was my own panic about change, my fear of being alone, my need for security. Adrian’s antic manners and ass-grabbing was the part of me that wanted exuberance above all” (100). Bennett always wants Isadora to be in therapy, to subdue her socially unacceptable urges, and he uses silence and guilt to punish her when she fails to reach his ideal. Adrian encourages Isadora to leave Bennett (symbolically abandoning the superego’s demands). Adrian tells her, “you ought to learn to have fun—life’s supposed to be fun at least some of the time” (181), while Bennett says things like, “You have to get away from him […] and back into analysis. He’s not good for you” (185). 


It is ironic, given Adrian’s and Bennett’s associations with the id and superego, respectively, that Adrian cannot maintain an erection while Bennett is a surprisingly adept lover. This irony suggests the superego’s suppression of the id: Adrian cannot often perform sexually because of the demands of the superego, Bennett, on Isadora; Bennett, meanwhile, is good in bed because a woman’s enjoyment of sex is socially acceptable within the confines of marriage. In addition, Isadora indirectly associates Adrian with Freud’s Eros, the life instinct that pursues survival, creation, and connection, while she links Bennett to the death instinct, Thanatos, a subconscious urge toward self-destruction and aggression. To this end, she says, “Adrian, it seemed, wanted to teach me how to live. Bennett, it seemed, wanted to teach me how to die” (162). Adrian feels like a “dream” while Bennett feels like her “reality.” Like a dream, her intense desire for Adrian is difficult or impossible to consummate in reality, while sex with Bennett—while not always desired—is easy. 


Isadora acknowledges the symbolism of this love triangle when she says, “I already felt as if I were being torn apart by the two of them […]. They only represented the struggle within me” (100). She begins to conceive of herself as pieces and parts rather than a whole, integrated self. Thus she says she is being “torn apart” or figuratively ripped asunder. She describes her arousal response to Adrian as evidence of her “dissolving” and claims she’s “never been able to make peace between the two halves of [her]self” (100). Despite her resolve to hold herself together, she says, “I’d see Adrian and fall apart” (163). She’s also particularly hard on herself for being unable to make “[her] feminism jibe with [her] unappeasable hunger for male bodies” (125), her switch into the second person providing evidence for how uncomfortable, even painful, it is to attempt the reconciliation of her contradictory parts. This self-criticism highlights The Pervasiveness of Internalized Misogyny: Even Isadora’s feminism is another occasion for her to chastise herself. She wishes for a way to embody her instinctive urges and maintain stability, and she constantly attempts to broker some peace between these desires. 


Isadora’s efforts to live a “life [that is] contradictory, many-sided, various, funny, tragic, and with moments of outrageous beauty” (175) become even more difficult when Adrian and Bennett chime in. Adrian accuses her of being “afraid [Bennett] will leave [her] and [she’ll] fall apart” (179), while Bennett insultingly claims to be “the only person if [Isadora’s] life who’s held [her] together this long” (190). Not only does she think of herself as fragmented parts of a whole, but their comments also suggest their belief that her physical and psychological unity depend on them. Her own inner conflict and the men’s constant diatribes contribute to Isadora’s confusion, anger, and desperation. She says, “no sooner had my defiant mood passed than I would be seized with desolation and despair, I would feel terrified of losing both men and being left all alone, I would feel sorry for Bennett, curse myself for my disloyalty, despise myself utterly for everything” (173). This untenable situation suggests The Prevalence of Sexist Double Standards. Neither Bennet nor Adrian moves through life continually dissatisfied with himself, questioning his motives and feeling guilty for falling short of impossible ideals. Among the three members of the novel’s central love triangle, only Isadora feels that she can neither please her id nor meet the expectations of her superego, and thus that she cannot feel wholly embodied and cohesive within herself.

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