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By the early summer of 1864, General Sherman is attempting to cross the Georgia border but is being held at bay by Confederate forces. The citizens of Atlanta experience a brief sense of euphoria because they believe that their town is unbreachable. As supplies dwindle, Aunt Pittypat orders the old rooster to be slaughtered for dinner and invites guests to share in the bounty. These include Dr. Meade’s family. Rhett arrives unexpectedly and is asked to stay, but the atmosphere is tense. After the meal, the talk turns to the war. Rhett contradicts Dr. Meade’s view that Atlanta is invulnerable, once again garnering the hostility of the local patriots.
In the days that follow, Sherman creeps further south by taking an indirect route. The Confederacy is hard-pressed and forced to retreat: “Fight and fall back! Fight and fall back! For seventy miles and twenty-five days the Confederates had fought almost daily” (384). With more wounded being sent to Atlanta for care, Scarlett is exhausted from days at the hospital. One afternoon, she can’t stand the carnage any longer and runs from the building. Seeing Rhett in his carriage, she orders him to take her for a drive to get away from the horrors of war. As they travel, Scarlett encounters an enslaved work crew, including Big Sam, the foreman from Tara. Sam explains that several men were commandeered to help dig trenches around the city. This news alarms Scarlett further.
As they drive on, Rhett insists that the Yankees will be in Atlanta in less than a month. He bets a box of bonbons against a kiss, which Scarlett refuses to give him. He says:
All your beaux have respected you too much, though God knows why, or they have been too afraid of you to really do right by you. The result is that you are unendurably uppity. You should be kissed and by someone who knows how (396).
Insulted by Rhett’s arrogance, Scarlett jumps out of the carriage and goes home.
As the month wears on, the town’s weary inhabitants can hear cannon fire from 20 miles away. They realize that the Yankees are creeping ever closer because Sherman is determined to cut off the South’s rail hub in Atlanta. More Southern troops are called up. Now, these consist of young boys and old men, including Aunt Pittypat’s aged brother Henry. Scarlett also sees Ashley’s father going off to battle and is concerned for his safety.
As the fighting drags on, more people find their way into the packed city: “Atlanta was crowded with visitors, refugees, families of wounded men in the hospitals, wives and mothers of soldiers fighting at the mountain who wished to be near them in case of wounds” (405). Aunt Pitty, Melanie, Scarlett, and their servants spend weary hours offering water and food to the refugees who pass their door. Sherman has succeeded in cutting the rail lines from Tennessee in the north, and he now turns his attention to the rails that run from the south of the city. His focus is on Jonesboro, which is only five miles from Tara.
As the battle wages all around them, Georgians seek refuge by traveling to Macon while they can still leave by train. Aunt Pitty decides to evacuate, but Dr. Meade advises Melanie to stay put until the baby arrives. He expects a difficult birth because of Melanie’s narrow hips and believes a doctor must handle the delivery rather than a midwife. Scarlett is forced to stay behind with Wade, Melanie, and her servant Prissy.
The Yankees have now advanced to the outskirts of Atlanta and are trying to take the city. The incessant shelling is nerve-wracking to Scarlett and all those who stayed behind. Prissy assures her that she learned midwifery from her mother and can help deliver Melanie’s baby if the doctor can’t come.
By the end of July, the siege of Atlanta continues, and the Yankees are still battling close to Jonesboro for control of the rail lines there. During this time, Scarlett gets a letter from Tara. Her family is safe, but her youngest sister, Carreen, has contracted typhoid, and Ellen is nursing her. That evening, as Scarlett sits alone on the porch, Rhett arrives. He assumed she had sought refuge in Macon and is surprised to see a light on in her house. She explains the situation regarding Melanie.
Their conversation turns to personal matters, and Rhett asks if Scarlett could ever love him. She laughs at the notion and says she will never marry him. Rhett protests that he isn’t interested in marriage but wonders if Scarlett will become his mistress. She replies, “Mistress! What would I get out of that except a passel of brats?” (437). Rhett is amused by her forthright self-interest and declares that they are much alike.
The city continues under siege for an entire month. Scarlett has learned that both her sisters and her mother have now contracted typhoid. In addition, the Yankees are still fighting at Jonesboro. On the first of September, Melanie begins to have labor pains and asks Scarlett to take care of her baby if she should die. Scarlett agrees but assures Melanie that she will have an easy delivery. Scarlett then sends Prissy in search of help, but Dr. Meade doesn’t have time to deal with the delivery because of all the new wounded soldiers being sent to Atlanta. Scarlett gets more bad news when Prissy says that she lied about knowing midwifery.
For two days and nights, Scarlett works nonstop to help Melanie through her agonizing delivery. At many points, she is sure that Melanie really will die, but eventually, the baby is born and named Beau: “It was all over. Melanie was not dead and the small baby boy who made noises like a young kitten was receiving his first bath at Prissy’s hands” (475). Shortly afterward, Scarlett sees groups of soldiers marching out of town. The Confederate Army is abandoning the city. She sends Prissy to find Rhett and ask him to bring a horse and wagon to move Melanie and the baby. They must all leave the city now.
As Scarlett waits for Prissy and Rhett, she sees the sky on fire a short distance away and fears the Yankees have arrived in Atlanta. Prissy returns to say that the Confederates are burning their remaining ammunition and supplies before the enemy gets to town. She also says that Rhett will have to steal a horse and wagon since the army commandeered his rig. Scarlett waits nervously until Rhett arrives with a shaky wagon and a horse on its last legs. When he learns that Scarlett wants to go to Tara, he tells her that the idea is ridiculous because Union troops are everywhere, but she persuades him anyway. He goes upstairs to carry Melanie down to the wagon, but Melanie insists that Scarlett must also bring Charles’s pistol and sword.
As they start out on their journey, the city is in chaos: “Tall flames roar[ed] up above the buildings […] casting monstrous shadows that twisted as wildly as torn sails flapping in a gale on a sinking ship” (493). People scurry around with casks of food and hunks of meat because the army has thrown open its storehouses to the public.
Rhett steers the wagon safely through the turmoil, and Scarlett says, “Oh, Rhett [...] What would we ever have done without you? I’m so glad you aren’t in the army!” (497). Her compliment to his pragmatism seems to upset Rhett, but he initially says nothing. Once they are safely away from the town, he asks Scarlett if she knows of a back road that will lead them to Tara. When she tells him the route, he announces that she must take the reins. He is going back to join the army in retreat. His latent sense of patriotism has taken over.
Before he leaves, Rhett declares his love for Scarlett: “I love you, Scarlett, because we are so much alike, renegades, both of us, dear, and selfish rascals. Neither of us cares a rap if the whole world goes to pot, so long as we are safe and comfortable” (501). Then, Rhett kisses her as she has never been kissed before: “Charles had never kissed her like this. Never had the kisses of the Tarleton and Calvert boys made her go hot and cold and shaky like this” (501). Despite the effect of Rhett’s kiss, Scarlett sends him off angrily for abandoning her and says she never wants to see him again.
This segment primarily focuses on the war as it creeps ever closer to Atlanta. As has been true throughout the novel, Planter Class Assumptions of Dominance prevent the residents of the city from recognizing their danger. They are all convinced that Confederate forces will stop Sherman’s army at the Tennessee border. Southern insularity fosters naivete about the relative strength of the Confederate Army in relation to its foes, and the South has no munitions factories to match the North. In the final stages of Atlanta’s defense, old men and young boys are called into service. These chapters once again echo the Lost Cause narrative, suggesting that the gallant Confederate soldiers were only defeated by the superior resources of the North rather than by the North’s superior tactics and preparedness.
These chapters once again demonstrate the shortsightedness of the Old Guard in its assumptions that everything is under control. Dr. Meade advises Melanie to remain in town so that he can supervise her delivery, which he assumes will be difficult. In fact, obeying the doctor’s orders doesn’t eliminate the danger to Melanie but increases it. When she finally goes into labor, the doctor is too busy treating the wounded to be bothered with a pregnant woman’s problems. For her part, Scarlett would happily abandon everyone to their fates except for her promise to Ashley that she would look after Melanie. Instead, Scarlett rises to the occasion and proves her Adaptability as Key to Survival by not only delivering the baby but enlisting Rhett’s help to get her people safely out of town. She keeps her word to Ashley, and she exhibits the quick-thinking, “unladylike” behavior that will be her key to survival as the rest of the novel unfolds.
Scarlett’s insistence on returning to Tara is also significant in this regard. Originally foreshadowed in the opening chapters of the novel when Gerald tells her that land is the only thing worth dying for, Scarlett’s drive to return to Tara after the siege drives her from the bustling Atlanta that gave her freedom reflects her growing realization that perhaps he was right.



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