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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes reference to cursing, sexual violence, animal death, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and mental illness.
Romanisches Café, Berlin. January 1925: Anna has been living for three years with Baron von Kleist and his wife, Maria, Russian émigrés who are loyal to the old regime. Tanya Botkin gives her two gifts, one of which is a photo album of the imperial family. Anna thinks Tanya “does not know, cannot know the importance of what she has just given her” (233). The second gift is a paper knife bearing the emblem of the Empress Alexandra. Pierre Gilliard gave it to Tanya. He said he was sorry he had been so hard on Anastasia.
Three years earlier. Borough of Nettelbeckstraße, Berlin. June 6, 1922: Anna is enjoying breakfast in bed in her new home with the Kleists. She feels “this newfound comfort has weakened her resolve” (234). Anna dresses herself—she does not want the maid to see her scars—and goes to the drawing room, where she meets Gleb and Tanya Botkin. Gleb is handsome, and he and Tanya seem affected to meet her. Gleb says she could not be anyone but Anastasia.
One week earlier. Borough of Nettelbeckstraße, Berlin. May 30, 1922: Anna pretends to sleep as the Kleists drive her to their home in a neighborhood of Berlin with many Russian émigrés. She only plans to stay for a week or so and has few possessions with her. The Baron thinks being kind to Anastasia will be to their benefit when the rest of her family is located and the old order is restored. Anna is astonished at the size and magnificence of their home. Maria has bought an entire new wardrobe. Anna looks at the expensive furnishings and then at herself, focusing on the stretch marks on her stomach. She takes a bath and enjoys the comfort.
Trans-Siberian Railway, Halfway to Ekaterinburg. May 24: Anastasia reflects on the word “rape,” thinking about a painting Gilliard once showed them called The Rape of the Sabine Women. He said the purpose of art “is to tell the truth” (245). Olga returns to the train car, and Anastasia thinks she looks like a ghost. Tatiana is bruised and tries to smooth down her clothing. Her eyes are empty, and she crawls into bed with Anastasia.
Anastasia feels they are all demoralized and broken when they arrive in Ekaterinburg. Gilliard bends to tie Anastasia’s bootlace, finds her paper knife, and takes it so she will not be punished. He tells her she has a remarkable disposition. Gilliard is not allowed to go with the children when they are taken to a new house. Tomas is still with them, and Anastasia realizes she loves him. Semyon takes them to what he calls “the House of Special Purpose” (249).
Dalldorf Asylum, Berlin. May 30, 1922: After Anna’s horrifying experience, she feels that there is “a door in her mind that, when pushed too hard, swings toward madness” (251). The episodes are less frequent, and she feels that time is passing quickly at the asylum. She finds it therapeutic to sew. She has refused to tell anyone her identity, so they call her Fräulein Unbekannt, which means “unknown.” The nurse she has nicknamed the Duck brings Anna to see visitors, one of which is the Baron von Kleist, who addresses her as Tsarevna. He is arranging for her to be discharged.
One week earlier. Dalldorf Asylum, Berlin. May 21, 1922: A glamorous couple comes to visit Anna and confirms she looks like the daughter of the Russian tsar, just as Clara said. Anna tells the nurse she never claimed to be Tatiana, but she sees a possibility for freedom, like a door opening. She tells the Duck her name is Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanov.
One week earlier. Dalldorf, Asylum, Berlin. May 14, 1922: Clara, who is staying in the same ward as Anna, says she is going to tell important people on the outside who Anna really is.
Seven months earlier. Dalldorf Asylum, Berlin. October 3, 1921: After her picture is published in the newspapers, Anna has a stream of visitors who all hope she is their lost loved one. She feels that she is “an unwilling participant in their personal tragedies” (257). One day, a man visits looking for a sister who wandered away from her boardinghouse in Berlin. His name is Felix Schanzkowska. He looks like Anna, and she wants him to leave. He says he does not recognize Anna.
Ipatiev House, Ekaterinburg, Russia. May 25: The three siblings reunite with their parents and Maria. Anastasia says the trip was horrible but does not reveal what happened to her sisters. Instead, she tells them Semyon threw one of the dogs out the window. Tatiana thanks her, saying she could not bear it if their parents knew.
Two days later. Ekaterinburg, Russia. May 27: The family finds that their belongings have been searched, and several things have been confiscated. Anastasia challenges Semyon, and he reminds her she is no longer royalty. He says she is not even a citizen; she is a prisoner. He takes her diamond earrings, then he strikes Anastasia after she spits on him. She sees that Tomas is ready to intervene on her behalf.
One week later. Ekaterinburg, Russia. June 5: Anastasia, in her boredom, rereads Tolstoy’s War and Peace. She finds Maria kissing Ivan and warns her sister about getting caught.
Two weeks later. Ekaterinburg, Russia. June 18: Anastasia turns 17. Tomas sneaks into her room to return her earrings. They kiss, and Anastasia is amazed.
Dalldorf Asylum, Berlin. June 1920: Anna meets with the clerk and the sergeant who arrested her. Since Anna will tell no one her name, the clerk takes a photograph that they plan to publish to see if someone will come forward.
Three months earlier. Dalldorf Asylum, Berlin. March 30, 1920: Anna has a psychiatric episode that she thinks of as “darkness and nightmare and memory” (273). She wakes to find herself in restraints. A girl, Clara, is watching her. She says Anna looks familiar.
One day earlier. Dalldorf Asylum, Berlin. March 29, 1920: Anna refuses to give her name to the clerk. Dr. Winicke is admitting her to the asylum rather than turning her over to the police—her diagnosis is melancholia. The clerk records her name a Fräulein Unbekannt or “Miss Unknown.” Anna balks at another examination by a doctor she names Dr. Arschloch or “asshole” and a nurse she names the Duck. Dr. Winicke says he thinks Anna is frightened, but he does not know why. Dr. Arschloch concludes she is a sex worker. Anna protests that she will tell him nothing and feels “that old, hated memory pressing in on her, demanding her attention, demanding to be replayed for the thousandth time” (279).
Anna’s narrative, continuing to move backward, approaches the formative period when she first emerges as Anastasia. Both Anna and Anastasia’s stories converge on a moment of trauma and transformation, and both are brought to the precipice of the final revelation. The structure of the narrative allows for the conclusion that the “hated memory” (279) Anna is trying to avoid is connected to what happened to the Romanov sisters on the train to Ekaterinburg. Maria, who went with their parents, is spared, but Olga and Tatiana are brutally assaulted; however, the question of what happened to Anastasia that night remains unknown. This lingering question underscores the theme of Memory as a Constructed Narrative, showing that what is repressed, remembered, or omitted determines a life story.
In a moment of hope and joy that offers a tonal contrast to the darkness closing in on her, Anastasia realizes she cares for Tomas, and her fear for the future is balanced by her enjoyment of romantic love. She has been increasingly drawn to him and has noted his protectiveness of her. His devotion is demonstrated by the way he sleeps near her on the steamboat, ensuring that she is not bothered by others, and by the effort he makes to reclaim her earrings when Semyon takes them from her. In contrast, Semyon is trying to strip Anastasia of her identity as a tsarevna, the tsar’s daughter, by emphasizing her diminished status. He is a parallel to the doubters of Anna’s story who will continue to insist her origins are not royal. These two men fill the roles of protector and violator, mirroring others in the novel (like Gleb and Gilliard) who have the power to preserve or erase the women’s identities.
When put in chronological order, Anna’s story follows an opposite trajectory to Anastasia’s tragic arc; her fortunes are improving as she moves from the Dalldorf asylum to the Kleist home. However, the backward order of Anna’s narrative makes her dramatic movement in these chapters a descent as well, since the story is plumbing the depths of its own origins. Anna’s refusal to volunteer her identity leads the staff at Dalldorf to call her “Fräulein Unbekannt” or “Miss Unknown.” While this name is a historical fact, it also serves as a metaphor since Anna’s true identity is still a mystery. Her motivations for withholding her name and identifying details are not explained, so they invite interpretation. The novel mentions that she is holding traumatic memories at bay, and the doctor observes that she is frightened. Given that the corresponding chapters of Anastasia’s experience show her being persecuted and likely abused, Anna’s fear indicates the Persistent Effects of Trauma.
Deepening the theme of The Foundations of Identity, Anna’s chapters show that her silence invites others to project identities onto her. Anna doesn’t claim to be the Grand Duchess Tatiana, though that is Clara’s initial conclusion. Initially keeping her anonymity, Anna finds that her identity is a source of much dispute: The newspaper article with her photograph brings in streams of visitors who hope to identify her as a missing relative; however, no one claims her, which increases Anna’s loneliness and vulnerability. When Felix Schanzkowska visits, he, too, claims not to know Anna. In retrospect, this seems particularly curious, and the novel never reveals his motives. Whether this stems from shame, fear, or fractures within the family, it furthers the motif of conflicted or divided family loyalties that runs through the novel.
On the other hand, Anna’s motive for claiming to be the Grand Duchess Anastasia may be a strategic move for freedom. She foresees that if she can find a benefactor, they can arrange for her release from the institution where she has been staying for two years. Her reward is the luxury of the Kleist residence, where she revels in a hot bath. If Anna is Anastasia, the bath signals a return to the comfortable, privileged life she once knew after her harrowing years of imprisonment and deprivation. If she is Franziska Schanzkowska, a woman from a working-class Polish family, this luxury would be unlike anything Anna has known in her life and would provide a strong incentive for convincing the Kleists she is who she claims to be. Either way, the moment emphasizes the stakes of her claim.



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