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In “the Time of the Very Beginnings” (53), the Eldest Magician prepares the world. He prepares the Earth and the Sea, then invites the animals to come out and play in the new world. Once all of the animals are assembled, he takes them one by one and tells them “what to play at” (53). As he sends the animals off, a Man arrives “with his own best beloved little girl-daughter sitting upon his shoulder” (53). The Eldest Magician tells the Man they are arranging “the play of the Very Beginning” (53): The Man is too intelligent to participate, but the Magician assures him that he will make all the animals obedient to the Man.
As they talk, the daughter notices Pau Amma the Crab scuttling into the ocean without waiting for the Magician’s instructions, pledging he will never be obedient to Man. After sending all the animals on their way, the Eldest Magician travels around the world to see how they are doing. He finds each one playing its part, helping to create the new world. Each animal asks, “Kun?” to know if they are doing the right thing, and the Magician always responds, “Payah kun,” meaning “that is quite right” (54).
The Magician meets the Man on the banks of the Perak river. The Man tells the Magician that the Earth and all the Animals are obedient to him, but he complains that the Sea rises every day, pushing water up the river and flooding his house, and then the water is sucked out again. Puzzled by who is causing trouble, the Magician and the Man get into the canoe with his daughter and paddle into the Sea. The Magician shouts to the animals, birds, and fish, demanding to know who is responsible. Everyone claims to be playing the part they were taught. When the Moon rises, the Magician calls out to the old Fisherman who weaves his net and dreams of someday catching the Earth. However, the old Fisherman knows nothing.
Finally, the Man’s daughter speaks up, telling the Magician she saw one animal sneak “naughtily” away before learning his play. Praising the wisdom of children, the Magician asks the daughter to describe the animal and realizes it is Pau Amma the Crab. When they find the Crab, he claims that he just leaves his home in Pusat Tasek, the deep Heart of the Sea, once a day to find food and then returns. However, he is so large that the water rushes in to fill his cave when he leaves, making the beaches dry up. The water is pushed out when he returns, causing floods. When the Magician explains the problem, the Crab swells with importance, saying he will go out seven times a day to keep disrupting the waters.
The Magician urges the Crab to come out of the water and prove his importance. Pau Amma the Crab is huge, a King Crab larger than three volcanos. However, he can do nothing but stir the water. The Magician, on the other hand, quickly performs magic that causes the Crab’s shell to fall off. He begs for his shell back, promising to behave, but the Magician doesn’t trust him. The Crab complains that he will surely die without his shell, but the Magician has another plan. He offers to make even the smallest hole or stone in the Sea a safe hiding place for the Crab. Furthermore, he offers to cast another spell so the Crab can live in water and on land. The Crab argues that it is the Man’s daughter’s fault he is in this situation, and demands that she give him something. The girl, who is eating a nut, offers to give the Crab scissors of his own so that he can eat nuts and dig holes for safety.
Still, however, the Crab is reluctant to agree. He wants his shell back. The Magician agrees but adds that for one month of the year, the Crab will lose his shell to remind him to be humble. They reach a deal, and the Magician shrinks the Crab until he is tiny. The daughter gives him his scissors, and the Crab feels very important again. The Eldest Magician gives the Crab his blessing as he jumps back into the Sea.
Now, however, the Man complains about having to paddle back without the help of the Crab raising the waters. The Magician claims that the Man and his descendants will be “the laziest people in the world” (59) and calls on the Fisherman on the Moon to pull them back to shore. The Man says that he would like the Fisherman to pull the Sea twice every day, and the Magician makes it so, instructing the Fisherman to pull the Sea twice per day, but never too hard. Sometimes, the Fisherman pulls a little too much or too little, making the tide higher or lower, but he tries hard to be consistent.
The Crab’s descendants roam beaches around the world, living in the Sea and on land, but they all lose their shells for one month per year as a reminder of the Magician’s power and the importance of staying humble.
In the time when the tame animals are still wild, the Cat is “the wildest of all the wild animals” (62). The Man is also “dreadfully wild,” but he meets the Woman, who teaches him to live in a dry Cave and wipe his feet on a horse-skin rug before he enters. She prepares a delicious meal of wild ingredients, and the Man sleeps very happily.
Once the Man is asleep, the Woman uses the mutton bone from dinner to perform the world’s “First Singing Magic” (62). Out in the woods, the animals watch the light of the fire from the cave and wonder what it might mean. The Wild Dog smells roasted mutton and decides to investigate. He invites the Cat, but the Cat insists that he “walks by himself” (63) and will not go. The Dog tells him they will never be friends again and heads toward the cave. As he watches him go, the Cat thinks even though “all places are alike” (63) to him, there is no reason he can’t at least get a little closer and see what is happening.
He hides nearby and watches as the Dog sniffs at the opening. The Woman gives him a roasted bone to eat. It is so delicious that the Dog asks for another, and the Woman tells him that if he helps the Man hunt, she will give him as many bones as he wants. The Dog quickly agrees; the Woman invites him into the cave, and he becomes the First Friend. The Cat watches, thinking that the Woman is clever, but not as clever as the Cat.
The next day, the Woman cuts a bundle of fresh grass that she dries by the fire as she performs a second magic spell. Back in the forest, the animals wonder what happened to the Dog, and the Horse decides to investigate. The Cat again declines the invitation to join but follows the Horse and hides by the mouth of the cave to listen. The Horse asks the Woman about the Dog, but he is really drawn by the smell of the dried grass. He eats the delicious meal, and the woman presents him with a halter. If the Horse wears it, he can have the grass three times a day. The Horse quickly agrees and becomes the First Servant. The Cat leaves, again thinking how foolish the Horse is and how clever the Woman is.
The next day, the Cow goes to the cave and agrees to give the Woman her milk in exchange for the grass. The following day, the Cat watches the cave, but no other animals appear. He approaches the mouth of the cave, where he can smell milk, and asks the Woman about the Cow. The woman tells him to return to the woods because they have enough “friends” and “servants.” The Cat insists he is neither a friend nor a servant. He is “the Cat who walks by himself” (65) and wants to enter the cave. The Woman refuses, but she is flattered when the Cat calls her beautiful and makes a deal with him. If she says one word praising him, the Cat can enter the cave. If she praises him again, he can sit by the fire; if she praises him a third time, he can drink the Cow’s milk three times a day. The Woman is sure she will never praise the Cat.
For a long time, the Cat hides in the woods by himself. A Bat living in the cave visits him and reports on the cave’s progress. The Woman has a Baby, and the Bat reports that the Baby likes to play and hold “warm things” that are “soft and tickle” (66). The next day, the Cat goes to the cave. The Baby is crying, and the Woman puts him outside to play. The Cat gently pats the baby with his paw and tickles him with his tail until the crying stops. The Bat tells the woman that a wild animal “is most beautifully playing” (66) with her Baby. The Woman, who has many things to do, expresses her gratitude without knowing she is praising the Cat. Immediately, the curtain covering the mouth of the cave falls off, and the Cat comes inside.
The Woman is angry, and the Baby starts to cry again when the Cat leaves. He amuses the Baby by chasing the Woman’s spindle, then curls up with the Baby and purrs until he falls asleep. The Woman is grateful and praises the Cat again. The fire gives off a puff of smoke, and the Cat settles in to warm himself by the flames. Angry that she has spoken well of the Cat again, the Woman casts a “Still Magic” to prevent her from saying another word praising the Cat. The spell makes the cave so still that a mouse sneaks out. The Cat catches the mouse, and the Woman praises the Cat a third time, granting him access to the milk. The Cat laps it happily but insists he is “still […] the Cat who walks by himself” (68).
When the Man and the Dog return from hunting, the Woman explains the deal she made with the Cat. The Man decides to make his own deal, warning the Cat that he will throw something at him whenever he sees him if he does not keep the cave clear of mice. The Cat agrees but reminds them that he is still the Cat that walks by himself. Then, the Dog makes a deal with the Cat. He tells the Cat he must always be kind to the Baby, or he will chase and bite him. The Cat agrees, but when he reminds the Dog that he is still the Cat who walks by himself, the Dog becomes angry and tells him he will chase him up a tree every time he sees him.
To this day, most Men throw things at Cats, and all Dogs try to chase them up trees.
Suleiman-bin-Daoud, the Son of Solomon, is a wise man who can understand all the plants and animals of the earth. He has a powerful ring that summons beings for him to command, but he is a humble man who doesn’t like to show off. He once tried to feed all the animals in the world, but one animal came out of the sea and ate everything he had prepared in three bites. Embarrassed, Suleiman-bin-Daoud “never forgot that it was silly to show off” (73). He lives in a palace with 999 wives, and his Head Queen, Balkis, is the most beautiful. Suleiman-bin-Daoud doesn’t really want so many wives, but he needs to show his authority as King.
Many of his wives are “simply horrid” and fight constantly. Often, Suleiman-bin-Daoud goes to the garden for peace and wishes “he had never been born” (73). Balkis is saddened to see her beloved husband in such a state and urges him to use his magic to end the fighting between his wives. Suleiman-bin-Daoud, however, worries this would be showing off.
As he stands in the garden, two Butterflies go by. Suleiman-bin-Daoud hears the arguing, and the husband Butterfly warns the wife Butterfly that he could crush the whole palace with a stomp of his foot. This boast makes Suleiman-bin-Daoud laugh. The Butterfly comes to him and assures him that he was only trying to quiet his wife with the fib. When he returns, he tells his Butterfly wife that he has promised King Suleiman-bin-Daoud that he will leave the palace alone.
Balkis also listens to the Butterflies’ exchange and calls the Butterfly’s wife over to her. She knows the Butterfly doesn’t truly believe her husband’s boast and thinks she can solve both her husband’s problem and the Butterflies’. Balkis urges the Butterfly to insist that her husband prove he can make the palace disappear. He will be ashamed and learn his lesson. The Butterflies continue their argument until the husband returns to Suleiman-bin-Daoud, telling him frantically that his wife is demanding he make the palace vanish with a stomp of his foot. He worries that she will “laugh at [him] to the end of [his] days” (76) and begs the King for help.
Suleiman-bin-Daoud, who refuses to use his magic ring for his own gain, twists it until four Djinn demons appear. He commands them to make the palace vanish when the Butterfly stamps his foot and sends the little creature back to his wife. The Butterfly stomps his foot, and the Djinns jerk the palace high into the air, making it vanish and shocking the Butterfly and his wife. He stamps again, and the palace returns. There is a terrible ruckus as Suleiman-bin-Daoud’s terrified wives pour out of the palace. Balkis tells the women that Suleiman-bin-Daoud was merely trying to teach the Butterfly’s wife to be humble and obedient. If Suleiman-bin-Daoud uses such extreme measures to teach the Butterfly’s wife a lesson, they worry about what he might do to stop their quarreling. They become “mousy-quiet” and sneak back into the palace.
Balkis informs the King that they have taught the queens a lesson, confessing that she encouraged the Butterfly’s wife to provoke her husband, hoping that Suleiman-bin-Daoud would perform some magic. Suleiman-bin-Daoud praises his wife’s beauty and wisdom.
“The Crab That Played With the Sea” furthers the theme of Living with Morality and Integrity. Like other characters, including the Kangaroo and the Camel, the Crab is overly proud and believes in his own self-importance. He believes he is more important than the Eldest Magician, but all the Crab can do is agitate the Sea while the Magician makes the Crab’s shell fall off, causing him to lose his armor and instantly become vulnerable. The Crab’s pride becomes a liability that puts him at risk, teaching young readers to be humble and kind and to always respect authority figures.
The story also contains another example of a little girl making an essential contribution to the world’s founding. For the first time, the voice of Best Beloved interjects briefly at the beginning of the story, asking the narrator if the Man has “his own little girl-daughter” (53). Although all the stories are addressed to Best Beloved by the narrator, this is the only time that Best Beloved’s voice appears, emphasizing the framing technique that the stories in the collection are being told by a father to his daughter. The little girl in the story is the only one who sees the Crab sneak into the ocean, and the Magician praises her, announcing, “How wise are little children who see and are silent!” (56). The little girl allows them to find the Crab and later gives him scissors, giving him his most useful and defining characteristic. Like Taffy, the Man’s daughter leaves a lasting mark on the world.
The next story, “The Cat That Walked By Himself,” is about the domestication of animals, but it also examines the tension between the need for community and the desire to maintain independence. Throughout the story, the Woman is the domesticating force, first taming the Man, then the animals. She convinces them to give up their wildness and independence for creature comforts like a warm, dry place to sleep and delicious food to eat. She makes deals with each animal, offering them safety and protection in exchange for their work, creating a society of alliances and interdependence. The Cat, however, wants the best of both worlds. He insists on maintaining his independence but wants to enjoy the benefits of domestication. He doesn’t want to work for it, like the other animals do.
From the beginning, his conflict is clear. As each of the animals invites him to go to the cave, he professes to have no interest in going because “[h]e walked by himself, and all places were alike to him” (62), but a secret longing always pulls him toward the cave. In the end, he gets his wish to enter the cave, warm himself by the fire, and drink the Cow’s milk; however, he is stuck with the Man and the Dog’s antagonism. The Cat’s refusal to sacrifice his independence means he doesn’t get genuine connection or community. The story is one of the best examples of Kipling’s use of repetition. The pattern of the animals visiting the Cave and pledging loyalty to the Woman repeats, as does the Cat’s insistence that he “walks by himself.” This repetition emphasizes the Cat’s identity and his commitment to his independence.
“The Butterfly That Stamped” is another story about pride and humility. The narrator describes it as “quite different from the other stories” (72); it doesn’t tell of the origin of anything and takes place in relatively more recent times. The King Suleiman-bin-Daoud is reportedly “wise” and “not proud.” He is an important man and can wield powerful magic, but he generally chooses not to out of fear of showing off. However, his belief that showing off is “silly” is rooted in a terrible embarrassment he suffered after offering a meal for all the animals in the world but providing far too little food. Therefore, he is motivated less by true humility and more by a desire to preserve his ego. He refuses to act, even when his wives’ bickering makes life in the castle unbearable for everyone.
Luckily, his wise and beautiful wife Balkis takes control of the situation behind the scenes, enlisting the Butterfly’s wife to help and making her husband think he is acting on his own behalf. With his wife’s persuasion, Suleiman-bin-Daoud uses his “magic for the sake of a jest and for the sake of a little Butterfly,” a selfless act that prevents him from being “put to shame” while still freeing him “from the vexations of [his] vexatious wives” (79). While it is important not to be proud or show off, one must not become so committed to humility that it becomes a kind of pride in and of itself. Suleiman-bin-Daoud must stand up for himself and act for the good of everyone in the palace. Closing the collection with this story again emphasizes Kipling’s insistence that wit and intelligence win out over brawn and brute strength, as Balkis’s gentle and clever guiding behind the scenes leads to the story’s peaceful resolution.



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