53 pages • 1-hour read
Anthony DoerrA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of infertility.
Imogene and Herb, a married couple in their early thirties, live in rural Wyoming outside the city of Laramie. Imogene is a resource allocation manager for an engineering firm, and Herb teaches molecular phylogeny to undergraduate students. In September of 2022, they’re ready to start a family and begin trying to get pregnant. As months pass without success, they feel frustrated, but they know it takes many couples a full year to get pregnant. After more than a year, while spending Thanksgiving with Herb’s family in Minnesota, they downplay what a toll the effort is taking on them.
The backstory reveals that Imogene’s parents both died in a car crash when she was 21. Afterward, Imogene moved to Morocco, where she lived in Rabat for three years. As a woman, she couldn’t wear shorts or skirts or go outside with wet hair. For a time, she works with blind women through a Peace Corps initiative. Imogene had been dating Herb for four months before her parents’ death, and they kept the relationship going while she was in Morocco, mostly through letters.
In 2004, after 16 months of trying to get pregnant without success, Imogene and Herb undergo fertility testing and learn they have “dual-factor infertility.” Imogene has polycystic ovary syndrome, and Herb has severe deficits in sperm motility and density. The news is devastating, triggering feelings of guilt and shame. Imogene tries to stay positive, and Herb throws himself into physical labor: clearing the “graveyard of abandoned tires” from their pasture (87).
Imogene and Herb decide to do fertility treatments, though they’re incredibly expensive. The treatment protocol is intense and demanding, and it taxes Imogene’s body. By spring, her ovaries seem to be responding, moving toward measurements the doctor wants to see. However, Imogene’s boss chides her for missing too much work for medical appointments.
In May, the fertility clinic retrieves Imogene’s eggs and collects Herb’s sperm. The fertilization process yields two viable embryos, which the doctor transfers into Imogene’s uterus. Ten days later, Imogene and Herb learn that the embryos failed to implant. She isn’t pregnant.
Their disappointing efforts to get pregnant take a toll on Imogene and Herb’s relationship. Imogene retreats emotionally and won’t talk to Herb about it. Friends, family, and acquaintances all seem to say the wrong things, which are too cliché or trigger jealousy or shame. The financial burden of fertility treatments requires Herb to teach summer biology courses for extra income. An attractive young woman in his class named Misty sends Herb an e-mail suggesting she has feelings for him, and he’s tempted.
After the summer course ends, Herb drinks a pitcher of beer and goes to Misty’s swim meet. He chooses to leave, however, before anything inappropriate can happen. When he gets home, Imogene agrees to try fertility treatments one more time, and they start the treatment cycle in October. Herb empties his retirement savings to afford it.
On the day of Imogene’s egg retrieval, she and Herb drive through a terrible snowstorm on the way to the fertility clinic in Cheyenne. This time the fertilization process yields three viable embryos. Once again, they’ll have to wait 10 days to find out if she’s pregnant. As they prepare for the news, Herb seeks reassurance that Imogene still loves him and that everything will be okay, and Imogene gives it.
The main conflict in “Procreate, Generate” is a couple’s struggle with infertility. Their desire to have children is presented as a biological instinct within the context of human social forces. Imogene and Herb see reproduction happening all around them, both in other humans and in nature, making it seem as if it should be simple, even automatic. The challenges they face in their attempts to conceive reflect a dichotomy in nature: a tension between creation and loss, life and death, that Doerr uses to explore The Balance Between Loss and Renewal. The emotional toll of this conflict leads Imogene, at one point, to conclude: “Nothingness is the permanent thing. Nothingness is the rule. Life is the exception” (104). Eventually, she finds her hope restored, demonstrating the ebb and flow of the balance between creation and loss in nature.
In another significant conflict, the biological aspects of fertility contrast with the social aspects of conception and parenthood. Social attitudes, gender expectations, and stigmas surrounding procreation permeate Imogene and Herb’s experiences. Imogene relates to women throughout history who would be shunned, divorced, or even stoned for infertility, a recognition that underscores The Intersection of Personal and Collective History. Social attitudes also play a role in leading Herb and Imogene to measure their worth in terms of their ability to reproduce. A holiday card from Herb’s brother exemplifies this by noting, “The distance to success is measured by your own drive” (101). The implied message is that any problems conceiving a child must be due to a character flaw like laziness or apathy. Herb and Imogene internalize these views, leading to demoralizing feelings of guilt and shame.
Symbolism is a prominent feature in the story. The author uses setting to explore the archetypal dichotomy of nature versus the mechanistic world. Recurring descriptions of animals and the quietness of Imogene and Herb’s rural home intertwine with technical descriptions of fertility treatment, a form of technological human intervention seen in this archetype as being at odds with nature. Birds play a symbolic role as well: Imogene dreams of vultures circling overhead when her eggs are retrieved, as if her body is carrion, contributing to the story’s message about the enormous physical toll conception and pregnancy can take on a woman’s body. This allusion can be viewed as a representation of the sacrifices women make and the losses they endure for procreation, drawing a connection to the theme of Memory’s Role in Identity, Loss, and Preservation.
Doerr’s characterization of Herb and Imogene also develops the story’s themes and messages in several ways. Imogene self-deprecatingly calls herself the Ice Queen because she withdraws from conflict and intimacy. This stems from a fear of loss related to the death of her parents. She responded to that trauma by moving to Morocco, later noting, “A person can get up and leave her life” before heartache can catch up (103). She’s tempted to respond to the heartache of infertility the same way. Herb also faces temptation in how he chooses to cope with his grief. When he characteristically seeks love and affection and Imogene withdraws, Herb contemplates an affair. Both resist their temptations and ultimately find strength and courage in each other, revealing how human connections create resilience and bring balance to the creation-loss dichotomy.



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