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Content Warning: This section of the guide contains a brief mention of wartime imprisonment.
In the summer, Fiona finds a temporary job in London and often writes about how much fun she is having. Meanwhile, Conor and Donal often visit the local tennis club, and Aine studies Irish in Kerry but returns occasionally to look after her brothers. On weekends, Nora spends time with her sons and reflects on the drastic changes that have crept in over the last year. She also worries about how her boys are processing their grief. When Fiona returns, she brings home many fashionable clothes, and Nora is not sure whether the London fashions will fit in “down here” (107) in rural Ireland. From the family’s reaction, she suspects that her sisters and daughters are talking about her behind her back. She wonders whether they are excluding her, or whether she excluded them when Maurice was sick.
Nora’s brother-in-law, Jim, is a political man who fought in the War of Independence and was interned during the Civil War. Jim’s wife, Margaret, earns more than he does, and together, they enjoy spending their money on Nora’s children. Now, they offer to buy a camera for Donal, who has taken a real interest in photography. While Jim thinks that photography is a possible career for the boy, Donal insists that he is only interested in shooting in black and white. Rather than talking about Nora’s new job, everyone remains focused on the four children. Nora feels that in the presence of her Una, Jim, and Margaret, she is now learning more about her children than in the previous months she has spent with them.
At work, Nora tries to ignore the complexities of Elizabeth’s social life, and she navigates the difficult position of being the go-between for the warring Elizabeth and Francie. When Elizabeth forgets to file important paperwork, Nora is at risk of being blamed, and the tension between Elizabeth and Francie intensifies. Meanwhile, the Irish media is ablaze with news of violence in Northern Ireland. A civil rights march in Derry ends in violence as the police beat the crowd with batons. As Jim talks passionately about the campaign for civil rights for Catholics in the north, Nora thinks of what Maurice would have had to say about the subject. At work, Francie raises her voice to Nora, who leaves the office in quiet protest and returns home early to find Conor in tears. She realizes that her sons have been fighting every day while she has been at the office, and she suddenly realizes that the house must be “filled with absence” (116).
The next day, Nora is late for work. Elizabeth arrives shortly after and talks enthusiastically about Una, whom she claims is now engaged. Nora finally learns that Una’s partner is named Seamus and that, according to Elizabeth, he is “great” (117). The only person at the Gibneys’ who talks about the situation is one of the truck drivers. His presence in the office earns Francie Kavanagh’s ire. Meanwhile, the salesmen confront Francie, demanding to know about their pay. To Francie’s shock, Nora reveals that she has detailed descriptions of how much each man is paid. She provides this information to them, allowing them to compare their rates of pay. This move causes outrage among her employers. Francie orders an employee to destroy the files, and when she mentions Maurice, Nora takes the scissors from the woman’s hand and leaves.
With the rest of the day at her disposal, Nora decides to drive out to Ballyconnigar to take a walk. She is insistent that she will not return to the Gibneys or speak to Francie Kavanagh again, so she composes a resignation letter in her mind. While driving out to the seafront, she finds herself in a place that “belonged more to Maurice than to her” (124). She thinks again about his final days and about the priest at his bedside. A short time later, she sees a nun walking alone along the lane and recognizes her as Sister Thomas. The nun claims to have been alerted to Nora’s presence by one of the locals. Sister Thomas knows about Maurice and prayed for Nora when Maurice was dying. Now, her advice to Nora is to “stop grieving” (126), as the time for grieving is over. As Sister Thomas walks away, Nora takes the scissors from the car seat and leaves them on the gravel “for someone else to find” (127).
Nora tells no one about what happened at work; instead, she says that she is ill, and stays home. One evening, when Fiona and Aine are home, Una visits to speak about her engagement to Seamus. Una mentions that she was worried about how Nora would react to the news so soon after Maurice’s death. In accordance with her Aunt Josie’s suggestion, Nora suddenly realizes that her “sisters are afraid of [her]” (128). She congratulates her sister, who blushes. Nora worries that she has gone too far, but she cannot think of anything comforting to say to Una.
Nora continues to insist that she is sick. Only when Sister Thomas visits her, having spoken to Peggy Gibney, does Nora finally agree to speak to her employers. Sister Thomas also asks Nora to be nicer to Una. The nun admits that Nora’s mother was much like Nora in that she did not “like people knowing [her] business” (131). Nora agrees to meet Peggy Gibney, and she also agrees to invite Una and Seamus to her house to celebrate the engagement.
Nora meets with Peggy, who claims that there is “war in this house” (132) between her children, Elizabeth and Thomas. With the mediation of Sister Thomas, Nora renegotiates her position; she wants to work half-days at a reduced wage, and she wants to be sure that Francie Kavanagh is not allowed to interact with her in any way. Peggy agrees. During the course of their conversation, Peggy confesses to Nora that she puts such stock in Sister Thomas because the nun was pivotal in ensuring that Peggy would marry William. Sister Thomas “threatened William’s father” (134), she says, and ensured that the baby would not be given up to an English orphanage. There are many stories about Sister Thomas, including that she once worked for Michael Collins, the revolutionary, soldier, and politician who was one of the leaders of the struggle for Irish independence.
Nora agrees to go to the golf club with Seamus and Una. She begins to work half days, which means that Donal is no longer left alone to bully Conor. At the golf club, Seamus and his male friends talk about their round of golf. Nora assures Una that she remembers Maurice talking for hours about politics, which allowed her to relax because she did not “have to pay any attention” (137). As the men talk, however, she notes that this is the sort of conversation that Maurice would have hated.
In the golf club, she also meets a man named Ray. She knows of Ray through Elizabeth’s regular romantic updates; Ray asks her not to mention that he is in the golf club with a woman who is not Elizabeth. In the morning, however, Elizabeth laughs, saying that Ray has already talked to her and that he feels ashamed that he and Seamus talked about nothing but golf. Now, apparently, the nervous Seamus is convinced that Nora must think that he is a “total gobshite” (138).
As the family gathers for Christmas, conversations more frequently turn to the situation in Northern Ireland. Nora is surprised to learn that Jim and Margaret have converted an empty room in their house into a dark room to develop photographs: their present to Donal.
Due to increases in pensions and the granting of a second pension, Nora’s financial pressures are eased. She credits the politician Charlie Haughey for this change, though Jim is less fond of him. Nora remembers Maurice’s own particular political grievances and causes, which he held for many years. She likes to believe that Maurice would defend Haughey against Jim’s suggestion that the politician is merely “courting popularity” (144).
One evening, Nora is surprised at home by one of the truck drivers from Gibney’s. She remembers him as one of the few people in the office who spoke about the violence in Derry. He introduces himself as Mick Sinnott and reveals that the staff at Gibney’s are planning to join a union. The vote will be held in secret, he says, and he offers Nora the opportunity to join them even though she is “friends with the family” (145). Even if she declines, he asks her not to mention the matter to Elizabeth. He reveals that the staff tried to unionize years before, but the elder Gibney threatened to fire them all. With William now in charge, they hope that the situation might be different. Nora is taken aback and agrees to attend the meeting.
As soon as Mick is gone, however, she is suddenly unsure, but she attends nonetheless, feeling that she is unable to back out of the arrangement. A vote is held, and the staff agrees to join the Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union. Over the following days, Nora learns through Elizabeth that the Gibney family is furious. Elizabeth refers to Mick Sinnott as “a very nasty piece of work” (150). Her father, she explains during a telephone call, feels betrayed by his staff.
As Maurice’s brother and Nora’s brother-in-law, Jim is a significant presence in Nora’s life, but in a literary sense, he is also a relic of Ireland’s recent past, given that he fought in the War of Independence and was imprisoned in an internment camp during the Civil War. Thus, while Nora may feel that she is trapped in an emotional prison, Jim has a very real experience of literal confinement and has also experienced genuine loss. Because he and Margaret were with Nora when Maurice died, the three have forged a bond that transcends legal relationships and highlights The All-Consuming Nature of Grief. However, Nora’s relationship with Jim is also complicated by his similarity to his brother. Because Jim reminds Nora of Maurice, his presence keeps her grief fresh in her mind even as she takes comfort in the idea that a part of Maurice lives on in Jim. Additionally, because Jim and Margaret lack children of their own, they perform the role of surrogate parents for Nora’s children, offering financial and emotional support to Nora in difficult times. This important relationship is one of the foundational elements of Nora’s existence, and the narrative implies that without Jim and Margaret, her struggle to deal with her grief would be almost impossible.
Significantly, this section of the novel widens the narrative gaze beyond the troubles of Nora’s family to focus also on the “Troubles” that plague Ireland’s political landscape during this era. Thus, Tóibín introduces the concept of Political Turmoil as a Mirror for Personal Struggle, and Nora’s various interactions become a microcosm for the broader strife that permeates her country. In this context, the turmoil in the Gibney family and their offices foreshadows the political turmoil that will soon break out in the north of the island. Both at the national level and the personal level, factions split apart, longstanding grudges remain unresolved, and conflict becomes almost inevitable.
In Nora’s mind, her own struggle mirrors that of the Catholics, for although she wants to be treated fairly, she feels provoked by Francie’s unjust treatment. Their relationship is not as simple as Nora’s reductive reasoning may suggest, but Nora still believes herself to be in the right. This sense of longstanding conflict is also evident in the way in which the vote to join the union is conducted in secret. The workers know that their decision will not be popular with their bosses, yet they feel that this is the only way in which to get fair treatment in the workplace. The vote to join the union, like the protests for civil rights in Northern Ireland, causes turmoil and outrage in the office, and this issue becomes an apt analogy for the way in which conflict emerges from unresolved tensions.
Although Nora’s financial pressures are eased by the wages from her job, the increases to the widow’s pension, and the sale of the house in Cush, she still scrimps and saves, working hard to ensure that she will never be perceived to be wasting money. Thus, even in her approach to personal finances, she remains subject to The Stifling Effects of Small Communities, actively internalizing the town’s judgmental attitude and instinctively chastising herself for any deviation from expected social norms. Although her improved financial situation mirrors her very gradual healing process, her refusal to engage in the self-care that she can now afford suggests an emotional tension that has yet to be resolved.



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