52 pages • 1-hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death and religious discrimination.
The mountains are more than part of the landscape; they symbolize the physical and emotional journey that Atlas endures as he learns about himself and those around him. Even the flashbacks to Atlas’s earlier experiences support this point, as his first summit at Kings Peak proved to be a life-changing experience in that it was deeply tainted by his mother’s death. With this initial experience as a blueprint, Atlas has developed an unhealthy association with mountain climbing, using the activity as an excuse for running away from his grief over his mother’s death. As he recalls the intense emotions that he felt upon beholding the summit of Kings Peak, he comes to associate this heady feeling with an elusive form of escape.
When he and his father travel to Mount Everest, the imagery of the mountain takes on a new level of significance, especially given that the local Tibetan name, Chomolungma, means “Goddess Mother of the World.” This epithet showcases the spiritual nature of the mountain and its importance in Tibetan culture. Atlas’s journey on the mountain is accordingly fraught with a sense of peril that mirrors his internal struggles, and the ascent becomes an intense emotional test that requires him to face both physical dangers and emotional challenges. For example, he must navigate treacherous obstacles such as avalanches and crevasses, and he must also learn to overcome his tendency to “freeze” in moments of crisis—a flaw that figuratively mirrors the “frozen” state of his grief.
Because the act of climbing requires constant forward motion, it becomes a metaphor for Atlas’s driving need to move past his mother’s death. His description of “[a] life in which [he] was frozen” shows his awareness that his grief has been holding him back (289). As the mountain’s physical features test Atlas’s resilience and spirit, his determination to survive and rescue his father allows him to reach new heights of understanding and succeed in Navigating the Road To Maturity. As Atlas reflects, “I had to remember that what made Everest beautiful also made it dangerous” (282), and his admission signifies his understanding of the mountain’s dual nature. This revelation ultimately allows him to accept the contradictions in his own life circumstances, such as his need to remember his mother and his need to move on. Likewise, he is finally able to reconcile the simultaneous love and anger that he feels for his father. Atlas ultimately learns that mountain climbing cannot be done alone, and he therefore finds a new version of strength in the act of Overcoming Challenges as a Team.
Mistakes are a recurring motif in the story, serving as catalysts for growth and self-awareness as Atlas works on Navigating the Road to Maturity. Early in the expedition, his father reminds Mr. Blake of the simple but wise truth that “[e]veryone makes mistakes” (106), and this statement becomes an important mantra for Atlas as he navigates the mountainside and learns to forgive his father for the man’s own past mistakes.
The significance of mistakes is further emphasized during moments of extreme peril. On multiple occasions, the titular “one wrong step” leads to near disaster, as when Maddie nearly slides off the cliff or when Atlas falls over the gully. As the narrative states, “[T]he smallest misstep here could be deadly” (166), and this harsh truth forces Atlas to confront his own vulnerabilities, lean on others for help, and admit to the consequences of his actions.
As the story progresses, the weight of individual mistakes becomes more pronounced. As Atlas and Maddie confront the mountain alone, Atlas must rely on the lessons of his past mistakes in order to navigate his present challenges. By staying calm in the face of adversity, he finds creative solutions that would otherwise elude him. The responsibility of survival hinges on Atlas and Maddie’s ability to learn from their past errors and adapt accordingly. This dynamic culminates in a moment of introspection that forces Atlas to consider the ramifications of his past choices. He takes a significant step toward inner healing when he finally acknowledges that making mistakes is simply part of developing as a person and a climber.
The scarf that Atlas wears, which his mother knitted for him, becomes a symbol of Learning to Move Forward After Loss. The garment initially stands for Atlas’s insistence on clinging to his mother’s memory to the point that he fails to move on with his life. This symbol’s significance is heightened by the anonymous monk’s warning against looking in the wrong direction, and this early form of foreshadowing suggests that Atlas’s experience on the mountain will force him to reckon with the flaws in his grief-stricken worldview. Later in the novel, Atlas experiences a defining moment of choice when he chooses to save the oxygen tank over his scarf, symbolically choosing his own well-being and survival over his attachment to the past.
The moment of choice between the scarf and the oxygen tank becomes a metaphor for Atlas’s internal conflict and the very thing that has been holding him back. He thinks to himself, “What if the choice was between saving those I loved or keeping my old life, the life in which I looked backward and froze during difficult times, and kept myself in that cocoon of my mum’s old scarf?” (290-91). In this moment, the scarf represents his past and his grief, which have prevented him from achieving new growth.
Atlas soon finds that the act of letting go is both painful and liberating. At first, he tries to save the tank, but he ends up losing both the oxygen and the scarf to his moment of indecision. Later, Atlas reflects on this moment, thinking, “As hard as it had been to watch my mum’s scarf flutter away, I realized that I’d been holding on to it for the wrong reasons. It had become the way I’d held on to my pain” (299). These thoughts prove that he has grown as a person and has begun to symbolically release his grief and allow space for healing and new beginnings. In the story’s final chapter, the scarf reappears as a symbol of hope for a peaceful future. Upon receiving a scarf from a grateful woman, Atlas is reminded of his mother and the need for hope in dark times.
Atlas’s journey is complicated by the beginning of World War II and the presence of the Nazi government even in the remote stretches of Tibet. These factors add a sense of verisimilitude to the fictitious events of the story, connecting it with real-world events. This aspect of the narrative is further explored when Mr. Levinsky voices his worries about his own safety as a Jewish man. Likewise, the British government’s order for its citizens to return home emphasize the widespread anxiety and unpredictability of the era. By contrast, Mr. Blake’s seeming indifference to the war highlights the differences in people’s levels of awareness during widespread moments of crisis. A strong reminder of the Nazi presence, even in areas distant from Europe, occurs with Atlas’s discovery of a shovel that appears to have a Nazi swastika on it. This find makes Atlas even more suspicious that Mr. Blake is working with the Nazis. The fact that Atlas’s father once rejected Schäfer’s Everest expedition, claiming that Himmler was involved, shows that even scientific pursuits became politicized during the spread of the Nazis’ regime.



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