55 pages • 1-hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of gender discrimination, substance use, mental illness, and addiction.
Whitaker laments the mixed messages that people receive from a young age that they are supposed to enjoy alcohol but never become alcoholics. She asks the reader to imagine how silly it would be if society did the same thing with cocaine, normalizing its use but stigmatizing addiction. She feels that the comparison is not very outlandish, citing British research that found that out of all legal and illegal drugs, alcohol was found to cause the most harm to users and others. Whitaker encourages the reader to ask themselves if alcohol is a barrier to their goals or self-esteem.
She also acknowledges the subjective nature of alcohol use disorder. People have vastly different experiences with coming to identify as someone with alcohol use disorder: some take online quizzes on the subject while others seek doctors’ advice, with varying results. Instead of focusing on the label of alcoholism or trying to understand why she was an alcoholic, Whitaker wishes she hadn’t been so focused on the label or the why of her addiction and had sooner realized the bigger questions, like why she was so uncomfortable with simply being herself.
Whitaker cites Marc Lewis, the author of The Biology of Desire, who argues that addiction is not a “disease” but rather an extreme manifestation of habits that have a powerful neurological foundation. Whitaker agrees with other researchers who define addiction as the opposite of awareness or connection, or an extreme habit with negative consequences, but she complains that none of these approaches give people clear guidelines to assess their own potential addictions. Instead, Whitaker suggests people ask themselves if they’ve ever regretted their actions while using alcohol, or if they imagine their lives could be better without it.
There are several theories about how people come to have addictions: the Choice Theory, the Self-Medicating Theory, the Disease Model, the Learning Model, and the Dislocation Model. These theories are vastly different, and, the author contends, very reductive. In doing research and reflecting on her journey with alcohol addiction, Whitaker found valuable insights in all five theories and realized that no single explanation could capture the intricacies of addiction.
Whitaker believes that understanding and treating addiction is a “Two-Part Problem.” First, people must consider the root cause of what is prompting them to drink or use, including their life experiences and genetic make-up. Secondly, people must understand the cycle of addiction. When humans drink, their bodies release dopamine, a feel-good chemical that creates a powerful, good memory of that alcohol experience. Unfortunately, this alters the brain’s chemistry, making it harder for normal daily pleasures to register in comparison to that powerful high, and making people more anxious or depressed in the long term. To make matters worse, the brain’s positive short-term response to alcohol engages the brain’s most primitive survival system, making people feel an overwhelming urge to drink again.
Whitaker concludes her chapter by arguing that to end their dependency on alcohol, people should use a holistic approach that addresses the root of their addiction while also learning how to break old habits and create new ones. In her opinion, women healing from addiction must be wary of patriarchal recovery frameworks that were not designed with them in mind.
Whitaker feels that the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous, with their focus on humility, apologizing, and ego-control, were not the right approach for her because she already felt ashamed, self-hating, and apologetic. She believes that many women already internalize feelings of inadequacy, making the AA approach destructive or inappropriate for their recovery. While Whitaker attended some meetings at the beginning of her sobriety, she found that the culture of AA made her feel worse about herself, threatening her decision not to drink.
AA was founded in the 1930s by Bill Wilson and Bob Smith. Wilson struggled with alcohol use disorder, and Smith was a doctor. The two men were both white, upper-class, evangelical Christians who infused their anti-drinking program with religious content. In particular, they instructed alcoholics that their problems originated from their own arrogance, and that only by humbling themselves and submitting to God could they overcome their addiction.
Whitaker critiques the early AA curriculum’s assumption that all attendees were men, and she points out women’s exclusion from the group. She asserts that women do not drink due to ego or entitlement and argues that patriarchy has prevented women from becoming overconfident. With its sexist roots and intense religiosity, Whitaker feels that AA is not the right fit for most women and that, in her experience, it felt “oppressive.” While the original instructions to humble oneself may have been appropriate in the 1930s for middle- and upper-class American white men, who had more rights and privileges than other Americans, Whitaker argues that this philosophy is counterproductive to women and marginalized people.
Whitaker’s refusal to return to AA drew criticism from some people, who told her that she was operating from her ego. She credits author Carol Lee Flinders with helping her understand why the religious philosophy behind AA was not right for her. Like many spiritual traditions, AA asks followers to transcend themselves through self-silencing, egoic destruction, resisting temptations, and separating from the world. Whitaker agrees with Flinders that women have not had the same agency and voice as men, and therefore denying themselves these things is not relevant to their recovery. Whitaker explains that by following Flinder’s advice and becoming more in tune with her own personal voice and desires, she successfully recovered from addiction. She concludes her chapter by warning the reader against believing AA’s narrative that addicts are “egocentric selfish liars” (106).
Whitaker’s parents, teachers, and peers often criticized her energy, willfulness, and appearance, and over time, she grew to dislike herself because of it. In hindsight, she feels that she pursued alcohol, drugs, shopping, and sexual relationships to soothe her feelings of self-hatred. Rather than shaming herself, Whitaker showed herself compassion, which she feels helped her rebuild a healthy, confident sense of self.
The author believes that masculine “energy” is more task-oriented and hierarchical, while feminine “energy” is more “relational” and “flowing” (110). Whitaker feels that reclaiming her feminine side supported her recovery as she stopped living “in denial of [her] nature” and validated parts of herself that had been “forever repressed” (111-112).
Whitaker reflects on the many pieces of her recovery puzzle: Allen Carr’s book The Easy Way to Control Alcohol, spiritual teacher Gabby Bernstein, Kundalini yoga, Eckhart Tolle, and functional medicine. In founding her Tempest Sobriety School, Whitaker needed to channel her new knowledge into a set curriculum. She used John Dupuy’s Integral Recovery and its concept of the Integral Map to do this. This map addresses four quadrants: the “I,” or internal processes like spirituality and psychology; the “we,” such as community and relationships; the “it” or physical body; and the “Its” or environment. Whitaker believes this map addresses all the core aspects of life that people need to consider on their recovery journey.
The author explains the six elements of a feminine-centric recovery: work with core beliefs, weaken the cycle of addiction, create good coping mechanisms, address the root causes of addiction, practice sobriety, and allow your recovery program to evolve. At Tempest Sobriety, the coaches expect their students to practice sobriety like it is a new skill, rather than expecting them to successfully abstain from alcohol immediately. This intimidating ideal often creates more shame and stress when people give in to temptation and drink. Learning to abstain from alcohol is the first part of her program, and Whitaker reveals that the rest of her work will address the second part: living sober.
Whitaker discusses the inherent tension between staying humble and maintaining a healthy sense of confidence. She cites Buddhist nun Pema Chödrön (When Things Fall Apart, The Places That Scare You), who says that people must learn how to embrace this inherent paradox and feel worthy and “big” while also feeling “small” and dedicated to service. Whitaker encourages people to pursue feeling “big” in her core beliefs of recovery: Self-Advocacy, Self-Trust, and Self-Practice.
To learn to advocate for oneself, the author recommends learning to “mother” oneself by being attentive to one’s own needs before other people’s. Next, she instructs the reader to develop their agency by believing in their power to manage their own decisions. She encourages the reader not to feel guilty for putting themselves first, rather than feeling resentful of other people.
The author tells readers to set healthy boundaries and learn to say no, cultivate their own power, and trust themselves. For Whitaker, this includes trusting one’s “gut sense” about what is right or wrong. She asks the reader to list the triggers that have hurt them in the past; for example, hers are online dating, diets, drugs, alcohol, and more. Whitaker does not deny herself all pleasurable things—she enjoys treat foods, movies, and coffee—but she knows that these pastimes don’t trigger addictive or self-harming behaviors for her. Her yoga practice taught Whitaker that discomfort can be a positive cue that real mental and physical work has begun.
Lastly, the author advocates for “Self-Practice.” This means “claiming” oneself by being willing to change, surrender one’s pride, and ask for help. Whitaker reminds the reader that abstaining from drinking isn’t deprivation but an opportunity to be healthier. She encourages focus on the commitment rather than the concept of perfect discipline. Whitaker focuses on the positives of sobriety, calling it an “upgrade” rather than a “consequence.” She urges the reader to consider their journey to sobriety as their “great adventure” and an opportunity to reinvent themselves.
In these passages, the author incorporates scientific research into her explanations of brain function and addiction, educating the reader on how the brain reacts to substances like alcohol and forms habits around them. She explains:
When we consume alcohol, our body reacts to the substance by releasing artificially high levels of dopamine. Dopamine is the neurochemical of wanting and motivation, […] the part of our brain that is tasked with ensuring our survival […] if we drink enough alcohol over a long enough period of time, this cycle locks in, and our brains identify alcohol as necessary for survival (163).
The author’s evidence-based explanation of the physical foundation of addiction helps the reader understand addiction as a powerful habit that is constantly being reaffirmed by their brain’s deepest impulses. This discussion also grounds her work in scientific evidence, making her points more persuasive to the reader.
By discussing alcohol’s inherent addictiveness, the author lays a foundation for her analysis of The Effects of Societal Perception of Alcohol and Addiction. She adds to this theme by interrogating what she believes is the arbitrary distinction between alcohol and “hard” drugs. By using a thought experiment to compare alcohol with an illegal hard drug, cocaine, the author aims to persuade the reader that alcohol and drugs like cocaine are not as different from each other as our legal and cultural norms would have us believe. Whitaker writes, “We are supposed to consume alcohol and enjoy it, but we’re not supposed to become alcoholics. Imagine if this were the same with cocaine […] There’d be coke-tasting parties in Napa and cocaine cellars in fancy people’s homes and everyone we know […] would snort it” (144). To show that this comparison is not as outrageous as it seems, Whitaker cites research that suggests that alcohol causes as much harm to users as cocaine does, with 40% of users abusing it and 15% becoming addicted to it—the same percentage as cocaine users (145). By inviting the reader to assess alcohol through this new lens, Whitaker portrays society’s normalization of alcohol as arbitrary and rooted in tradition rather than facts, adding to her argument that people should perceive alcohol as dangerous, addictive, and unhealthy.
In these passages, the author also delves more deeply into the theme of Women’s Empowerment Through Sobriety. In Chapter 6, titled “AA Was Created for Men,” Whitaker explicitly states that Alcoholics Anonymous was developed by men and for men, and assesses how AA may be failing women members. The author argues that AA’s sexist history and Twelve Step program make it hostile to women’s needs. She makes a strong argument that the program’s origins were sexist towards women, highlighting how the program was invented by and for American men, specifically middle- and upper-class white men. By ignoring the fact that women also had addictions to alcohol or other substances and denying them membership, the founders of AA unfairly excluded women. Whitaker explains, “When it was founded, women were not admitted into AA or even considered capable of being alcoholics; they were the wives of alcoholics. Being an alcoholic was an inherently masculine thing” (175). By showing how women were invisible to the founders of AA, the author presents the origins of the recovery program as male-dominated and ignorant of women’s needs and experiences.
However, Whitaker’s argument that AA remains misogynistic or “patriarchal” rests on her opinion that men have bigger egos than women and therefore benefit from AA’s emphasis on humility, surrendering to God, and making apologies to others. She addresses the reader directly, saying, “[I]f you’re a woman, you’re most likely not wielding an ego so big it can’t fit through the door or suffering from a pathological lack of humility” (171). Rather than being motivated by arrogance and ego, Whitaker argues that women abuse alcohol because they feel they are not respected or influential in society. She posits that women “drink not because we have too much power but because we have so little” (190). By emphasizing women’s historical and ongoing struggle against sexist laws and cultural norms, the author argues that women struggle to build personal confidence and self-respect in sexist conditions, making AA’s approach unempowering. This aspect of her argument is more subjective, based on her personal experience rather than scientific evidence. However, this approach nevertheless raises interesting questions about different genders’ perspectives and experiences in recovery.



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