The Diamond as Big as the Ritz

F. Scott Fitzgerald

49 pages 1-hour read

F. Scott Fitzgerald

The Diamond as Big as the Ritz

Fiction | Novella | Adult | Published in 1922

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Themes

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism, death by suicide, and death.

The Role of Exploitation in Building and Maintaining Wealth

The Diamond as Big as the Ritz presents extreme wealth as a system sustained through secrecy, exploitation, and the willing complicity of those who benefit from it. The Washington family’s empire depends on the systematic concealment of its source, the suppression of outsiders, and the normalization of violence as a protective measure. Through exaggerated fantasy and satire, the novella exposes how immense fortunes require silence enforced through power, isolation, and moral disengagement.


Secrecy functions as the foundation of the Washingtons’ wealth. The family’s five square miles of land are deliberately omitted from government surveys through bribery, technological manipulation, and deliberate deception. Percy explains that his grandfather corrupted officials, altered maps, and even manipulated magnetic fields to ensure the estate remained undiscovered. This elaborate concealment transforms secrecy into a form of infrastructure. The narrative emphasizes the fact that discovery would be catastrophic, as exposure would collapse both markets and authority. Braddock Washington explicitly acknowledges this fragility when he warns that revelation would reduce him “with all the property-holders in the world to utter poverty” (109). Wealth, in this context, is not secure; it is built, precariously, on invisibility.


Exploitation operates alongside secrecy as a necessary condition for maintaining this illusion. The Washington family relies on enslaved people, kept isolated and deliberately misinformed, to sustain their estate. Braddock refers to these individuals as property, and the family assigns them monetary value and discusses their deaths in economic terms, as when Kismine laments the loss of “fifty thousand dollars’ worth of slaves” during the aerial attack (129). The language is intentionally jarring, forcing readers to confront the dehumanization underlying luxury. The wealth of the Washingtons is established as inseparable from systems of control that erase individuality and reduce human life to economic value.


The novel also makes it clear that complacency among those who inherit or benefit from this system is important to its continuation. Percy Washington exemplifies this moral passivity. He does not question the imprisonment of aviators or the murder of guests; instead, he explains these actions as routine necessities. His casual tone demonstrates how normalization enables exploitation to persist. Similarly, Mrs. Washington’s emotional withdrawal and Jasmine’s repeated invitations to doomed guests reveal how silence and detachment function as forms of participation. The novella suggests that cruelty on this scale survives through indifference.


The imprisoned aviators and the Italian man represent a threat to the family’s system. Their confinement beneath the estate literalizes the burial of truth, while their dark humor and resistance preserve their humanity, providing a contrast to Braddock’s ethical inversion. Braddock’s assertion that “cruelty doesn’t exist where self-preservation is involved” reveals the ideological logic that justifies exploitation (116), but the Washingtons’ downfall reveals the inherent unsustainability of what they’ve built—secrecy demands escalating control, exploitation breeds resistance, and complacency erodes moral boundaries. Through satire and exaggeration, the novella argues that immense fortunes are rarely self-contained achievements; they are collective constructions maintained at human cost, upheld through violence and manipulation.

Wealth as a Destructive Force

In The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, wealth is portrayed as a corrosive influence that distorts morality, erodes empathy, and ultimately annihilates those who attempt to wield it without limit. The novella’s exaggerated premise—a mountain made entirely of diamond—allows exploration of the logical extreme of material abundance, revealing that excessive wealth actively reshapes ethical reasoning. As the Washington family’s fortune expands, it produces isolation, violence, and psychological detachment, culminating in the family’s destruction.


From the novel’s outset, wealth is an object of reverence rather than utility. John’s upbringing in Hades has taught him that riches command respect and humility, as “the simple piety prevalent in Hades has the earnest worship of and respect for riches as the first article of its creed” (98). This reverence primes him to accept extraordinary wealth as inherently meaningful. Yet the narrative quickly exposes the emptiness beneath this belief. The Washington estate overwhelms John into passivity; surrounded by sensory excess, he becomes physically inert as “jewels, fabrics, wines, and metals blurred before his eyes into a sweet mist” (102). Wealth here is anesthetizing, dulling perception and suppressing agency, as evidenced by John, who is quickly lulled to sleep during dinner as a result of the excess.


As the narrative progresses, it reveals its argument that extreme wealth requires moral destruction to sustain itself. Braddock Washington’s worldview exemplifies this shift. He openly rejects conventional ethics, asserting that “cruelty doesn’t exist where self-preservation is involved” (116). In this logic, maintaining wealth at all costs becomes synonymous with survival, granting exemption from moral accountability. Human beings—enslaved people, aviators, and guests alike—are reduced to obstacles or liabilities, their lives expendable in service of the preservation of wealth. This moral destruction extends to emotional and relational bonds as well. Kismine and Percy, raised within this system, demonstrate how affluence warps human connection. Kismine is capable of affection but rationalizes murder as “inevitable” when someone is a perceived threat to their wealth. Percy treats violence as mundane, laughing at danger and discomfort alike. Their emotional responses are shaped by a world in which consequence is consistently deferred, and the novella suggests that when wealth shields individuals from accountability, it erodes the moral feedback mechanisms that sustain empathy.


The culmination of wealth’s destructive power appears in Braddock Washington’s attempt to bribe God. By assuming that divine authority operates according to economic exchange—“God had His price” (133)—Braddock extends the logic of wealth beyond human systems into metaphysical absurdity. His belief that unlimited riches confer universal control above even God represents the final stage of moral collapse. When this bargain fails, he annihilates everything: the estate and all the people within it. The diamond mountain explodes, destroying both the Washington family and their attackers. The fortune that once promised invulnerability becomes the instrument of extinction, completing the novella’s argument about wealth as a source of destruction. In the novella’s aftermath, the estate’s ruins emphasize the fragility of material excess. The “house of jewels” dissolves into “a great featureless pile” of marble dust (136), leaving no legacy and illustrating the narrative’s assertion that wealth, when pursued without ethical constraint, is inherently self-consuming.

The Illusion of the American Dream

The Diamond as Big as the Ritz dismantles the American Dream by presenting it as an illusion sustained by fantasy, spectacle, and selective blindness. The novella exaggerates the Dream’s core promise—that limitless wealth guarantees freedom, happiness, and transcendence—until it collapses under its own absurdity. Through satire, the novella exposes how the pursuit of exceptional prosperity distorts reality, replacing ethical grounding with performance and desire with illusion.


The American Dream initially appears in the novella through aspiration rather than attainment. John T. Unger’s upbringing in Hades reflects a cultural reverence for wealth as proof of worth and success. His parents’ insistence on a prestigious education and their belief that “Hades was too small to hold their darling and gifted son” frame upward mobility, a core tenet of the American Dream, as both inevitable and desirable (92). This mindset mirrors a broader national ideology in which social advancement is imagined as a moral good. Yet the narrative subtly undermines this belief by emphasizing the provincial nature of such aspirations; Hades depends on hearsay and surface appearances, illustrating the hollow nature of this dream.


The Washington estate represents the American Dream taken to its extreme. The family has achieved absolute wealth, isolation, and autonomy, conditions often implied as ultimate success. Yet this fulfillment is revealed to be as hollow as John’s parents’ performative aspirations. The estate functions as a carefully staged illusion, complete with cinematic design, artificial landscapes, and choreographed luxury. Percy admits that the estate’s grandeur was designed by a “moving-picture fella […] used to playing with an unlimited amount of money” (120), reinforcing the idea that the Dream itself is performative. The world the Washingtons inhabit is a spectacle designed to appear perfect.


The novella further critiques the Dream by exposing the psychological dissonance it produces. Kismine’s excitement at the prospect of poverty—“Free and poor! What fun!” (129)—reveals her inability to distinguish between literary fantasy and lived experience. For her, hardship exists only as an aesthetic idea, stripped of labor, deprivation, or consequence. This moment satirizes romanticized notions of simplicity often associated with American individualism, highlighting how privilege distorts perception. John’s response—“It’s impossible to be both together […] People have found that out” (129)—signals his growing awareness that freedom and material security cannot be reconciled within the Dream’s framework.


In the closing lines, the novella articulates the American Dream’s true legacy. John reflects that “there are only diamonds in the whole world, diamonds and perhaps the shabby gift of disillusion” (138). Diamonds represent the Dream’s brilliance—alluring but cold—while John’s disillusion signals the sobering recognition that follows belief in false promises. In The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, the American Dream is exposed as a fantasy that dazzles precisely because it conceals its emptiness, offering spectacle in place of substance and leaving awakening as its only enduring gift.

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