54 pages • 1-hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of substance use, suicidal ideation, mental illness, illness & death, bullying, and addiction.
Four days before Christmas, BJ puts on a show for the HomeMarket crew, performing the heavy metal song she has been rehearsing for her wrestling entrance. Besides the usual crew, there are a handful of regulars and BJ’s mother who serve as the audience, and everyone is shocked by how unexpectedly good BJ’s performance is. Thrilled, she promises she has more secrets up her sleeve for the actual match.
After closing, Hai and Sony make their way to a bail bonds office. Sony is excited at the prospect of being able to bail his mother out, as Hai told him Grazina had given him some money which would be enough to cover the necessary amount. However, when it comes time to hand over the money, Hai cannot stop picturing Grazina, and only hands over half the stolen amount; the bondsman rejects the payment, claiming it is not enough. Hai apologizes to a disappointed Sony, claiming he must have counted the notes wrong.
Sony confesses to feeling like a “loser,” and Hai attempts to cheer him up. Sony shows Hai a photograph he always carries with him of their family, which includes an infant Hai; Sony had not been born yet. Sony tells Hai that his father has a diamond embedded in his hand—he had been out picking out a ring for Sony’s mother when a bomb went off nearby, the force of the explosion lodging the stone firmly into the back of his hand. Sony’s dad once showed the wound on his hand to some boys who were bullying Sony, telling them the story of the diamond and the war; they backed off Sony immediately.
As Hai and Sony make their way home, Sony cheers up considerably. Once Hai is back home, he slips the bundles of money back inside the tin box in Grazina’s pantry, where he originally found them.
On Christmas Eve, Grazina suddenly remembers that she is supposed to visit her son, Lucas, and Hai is stunned to discover that he is not a figment of her imagination after all. Grazina gives Hai an old set of scrubs to wear so he can pretend like he is her carer. She quickly cooks a dish of stuffed green peppers to take with them and tries to call Lina before she leaves, but Lina doesn’t answer.
Hai and Grazina arrive at a luxurious condo in a gated community where Lucas, a man in his sixties, lets them in. Lucas’s wife, Clara, extends a forced, warm welcome to Grazina, wincing at the casserole. The children, Josh and Abbey, are visibly distant; Abbey steps away from Grazina, commenting that she “smells like pee” (239).
Throughout dinner, Lucas and Clara make dismissive comments about Grazina while the children are outright rude. When Josh comments on her smell again, Lucas instructs Hai to take Grazina to the washroom. Hai tries to console a despondent Grazina, but she defends her son and grandkids.
Once Grazina is back at the table, Lucas tells his children that Grazina was once married to a war hero named Filip Lucas, who died in the war; Lucas is his son and not Grazina’s late husband Jonas, who fathered Lina. Lucas blames Lina’s drinking on Jonas’ genes. Lucas also reveals that his biological father was a great swimmer and taught his mother how to swim in a lake one summer. Unfortunately, he was shot and killed on the Eastern Front when Grazina was pregnant with Lucas.
Lucas asserts that he will take care of his mother and suggests that she move into a home nearby. When Grazina hesitates, Clara and Lucas state that they will help her sell her current house and use the funds for her care. Grazina reluctantly agrees.
The cab ride back home is quiet. The moment they get home, however, Grazina strips down and begins to scrub herself violently in the bath. Hai tries to calm her down even as she proclaims that she is going to get clean. Hai reassures her that she is a clean person as Grazina asks him, “Is my body a nightmare?” (250).
Grazina muses at what her life has come to—she escaped Europe and raised her children, only to have them be strangers to her now. She reflects on how just a little peace is enough in one’s life: “If you can be nobody, and stand on your own two feet for as long as I have, that’s enough” (251). Hai asks her whether she will move into the home Lucas suggested. Grazina confesses that she’s scared. She wants to live well a little longer. As Hai and Grazina prepare to eat the untouched casserole of peppers for Christmas, she tells him in Lithuanian that he is her friend.
The HomeMarket crew heads together to watch BJ’s wrestling performance. On the way, she tells them that they have been instructed to put pizza bagels on the menu; they need to master this before the regional manager comes back to visit the next month. Hai wonders if they are losing money, but BJ dismisses this, claiming they are expanding.
BJ is excited when she gets a text informing her that DJ Red Card, an unofficial talent scout for the WWE, will be at the show that day. She registers herself under the wrestling name “Deez Nuts,” which some kids have graffitied on the side of the HomeMarket van. Hai is surprised to learn that Maureen will be a part of BJ’s act as well.
“Deez Nuts” is announced, and BJ appears on stage. She puts up a good performance initially, but things go downhill when she announces that Maureen will be joining her. Maureen comes out dressed in a kilt and begins to play the banjo. The crowd unanimously boos Maureen and BJ, and it only gets worse when BJ fights against and defeats a crowd beloved older wrestler, “Miss Magician.”
After the match, BJ cries in disappointment in the van while Hai tries to console her. BJ perks up briefly when Maureen brings DJ Red Card over, but is despondent again when she realizes he is only there to sell her some weed. BJ decides to stop for pizza on the way home, and everyone agrees. However, the young girl who comes out to the parking lot to deliver the order is livid when she realizes they are HomeMarket employees. She flings the pizza at the van, accusing them of trying to steal business away from her father’s sole establishment by putting pizza bagels on the menu.
Maureen and Wayne head home. BJ, Hai, and Sony discover a man in the parking lot, bedraggled and half frozen to death; he doesn’t have a home, and he lost one of his better sleeping bags that he uses to tide himself over on such cold nights when it blew down into the river. They take the man in and help him warm up while they feed him a hot meal. When the man praises BJ’s corn bread, Hai notices BJ’s eyes glisten with pride.
Hai accompanies Sony to visit Aunt Kim in prison on Tết, the Vietnamese New Year. Aunt Kim is surprised, but not displeased, to see Hai; however, she begs him not to tell his mother about her circumstances. When Sony is out of earshot, Aunt Kim confesses to Hai that Sony’s father has been dead for four years; he was found in a burnt car in a forest outside Brattleboro, the accident possibly caused by a gas leak when he was smoking. However, Sony doesn’t know this.
After they leave the prison, Hai and Sony discuss how Hai has given up on his dream of becoming a writer, and how Sony struggles with keeping some things in his mind, including how to be good. Hai drops Sony off at his group home and then makes his way to his mother’s place, having promised Grazina he would visit his mother. However, he is unable to go inside and calls her on the phone instead. Hai watches his mother’s silhouette through the window, kept company by one of her Vietnamese colleagues, as they talk on the phone. She reminds him to cut a bit of his hair as part of the Tết customs, and tells him that she is proud of him for having made something of himself.
Hai rides back to Grazina’s, delirious by the time he makes it back. He calls out for Uncle Minh, Sony’s father, and his grandmother. Hai slips on ice and collapses in front of the house; when Grazina comes out asking who he is, he claims he is “Hai Sergeant Pepper” (289) and is taking them to America. Grazina helps him inside, perceiving him to be a soldier helping her during wartime, and Hai sobs to he about how he doesn’t know how to quit the pills. Inside, Hai hands Grazina a pocketknife to do “surgery” on his hair, as his mother said that “it would take all the weight off” (290).
In a motel off the highway, a boy, presumably Hai, sleeps with a man named Tom. Tom is a war veteran of Dominican origin and is a regular at HomeMarket. He lost his ear in the war but doesn’t wear a prosthetic because none of the existing ones match his skin tone. He tells the boy, “They don’t make ‘em in Dominican yet” (292).
After a week of rain, March arrives. Grazina gets worse over time, with new episodes of inexplicable crying and laughing appearing as well.
One day, the regional manager, Mr. Vogel, arrives at HomeMarket. He is irritable and angry about the pizza bagels not being advertised prominently enough, and addresses BJ as “Cheryl.” He berates BJ and the team about how they are facing increased competition with a new McDonald’s that has opened up across the street, and is appalled to discover how much sugar there is in their corn bread.
Mr. Vogel asks to speak with BJ privately in her office; on his way in, he snatches up the origami penguins that Sony leaves on each table and throws them all in the trash. Maureen rushes to help an upset Sony pick them out again while a livid Hai proceeds to eavesdrop on Mr. Vogel and BJ. He hears Mr. Vogel apologize to BJ for his rudeness and tells her that she needs to fire one of her employees next month; she can blame it on him.
Hai heads to the walk-in freezer for some alone time and finds Maureen in there, who confesses to him that she is worried about a lump she discovered in her chest some months ago. Russia comes to get them, reminding them they have a birthday booking at 12. The HomeMarket crew carries out a birthday cake and sings the birthday song to a thrilled six-year-old.
While the narrative in The Emperor of Gladness does not always follow conventional pacing and conflict, the third part of the book builds tension toward an unconventional climax. Vuong introduces events in both spheres of Hai's life that threaten the status quo he’s built with Grazina and his work crew. At HomeMarket, the news that one of the employees needs to be let go within the coming month raises the stakes of the plot and underscores Vuong’s thematic engagement with The Precarity of Working-Class Life in America. A disastrous Christmas meal at Grazina’s son Lucas’s house results in an announcement that Lucas and his wife are planning on moving Grazina into an assisted living facility, effectively negating the need for Hai’s services. Each of these reveals leaves Hai’s future in limbo and builds suspense in the final part of the book.
Although Hai’s struggles with sadness and substance use continue in this section, Vuong signals his character growth within the context of his relationships. At the start of the story, Hai’s relationships evidenced his loneliness and isolation, whereas now they illustrate the slow growth and maturity he’s attaining. For example, Hai offers Sony money to help out with bail for Aunt Kim and takes further accountability when he decides not to use the money stolen from Grazina. The guilt that Hai feels over the stolen money reflects his deep connection and loyalty to Grazina, he has come to feel, underscoring the text’s thematic interest in Circumstantial Kinship and Found Family. Hai even accompanies Sony to prison to visit Aunt Kim, demonstrating his ability to directly engage with difficult circumstances and emotions rather than hiding from them.
In these chapters, Vuong’s thematic exploration of Storytelling and Make-Believe as Tools of Survival focuses on the gaps in the stories being told and retold, providing key reveals in the plot. For example, Sony tells Hai about the diamond embedded in his father’s hand by a bomb that exploded near him during the war. Vuong indicates that for Sony, who’s obsessed with factual history and claims he dislikes fiction, believing this implausible story allows him to remain connected to his father in his absence. Sony recalls how his father managed to fend off Sony’s childhood bullies by showing them the wound from the diamond in his hand. Vuong establishes a growing sense that Sony, who understands the difference between fact and fiction, chooses to believe the story as an act of survival, laying the groundwork for Aunt Kim’s later revelation that Sony’s father died years ago.
Vuong also reveals holes in Grazina’s stories to reinforce the connection between Hai’s avoidance of his difficult past and Grazina’s progressive disconnection from her own memories. At Lucas’s place on Christmas, Lucas tells the story of his father, who was a war hero but died before Lucas was born. Details about Lucas’s father mirror the story of “Marta the owl-girl,” Grazina’s friend, who was taught to swim by a miner’s son, with the young man tragically drowning shortly before he went to fight in the war. Just as Hai has been distorting and fictionalizing aspects of his life, Grazina has been doing the same.
The confrontation between the HomeMarket crew and Panetta nuances Hai and his friends’ understanding of themselves and their work, pointing to a larger critique of capitalism and corporate exploitation. Thus far, Vuon has portrayed HomeMarket as the plucky upstart—the franchise with a good-intentioned crew willing to work hard and serve their customers well. He contrasts their collective, salt-of-the-earth demeanor with their view of Panette as pretentious and soulless earlier in the story. However, following BJ’s wrestling match, the HomeMarket crew head to a local pizza place to get dinner, and are chased away by the proprietor’s daughter, who is furious at their introduction of pizza bagels to their menu. For the young girl, whose father has poured his heart and soul into their family-owned establishment, HomeMarket represents the big, corporate enemy.
This confrontation positions the crew at HomeMarket as victims of the same corporate exploitation as the local pizza place. The pizza bagels on the menu represent a corporate decision much higher up the ladder—an attempt to compete with a McDonald’s outlet that is opening in the locality, highlighting a capitalist cycle in which the HomeMarket crew are stuck, where their labor is exploited for corporate gain. When there is a threat to corporate profits, the most vulnerable are the ones to suffer, reinforcing The Precarity of Working-ClassLife evidenced by Mr. Vogel’s instruction that one of the staff must soon be let go. Vuong represents the insignificance of the people performing the actual labor to the larger corporate entity in the final scene of Chapter 19. Immediately after the explosive visit from Mr. Vogel and Hai’s discovery that Maureen is worried about a lump in her breast, the crew still files out to carry out a birthday celebration for a customer at HomeMarket. Despite the workers’ struggles and tribulations, the work must continue.



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