54 pages 1-hour read

The Emperor of Gladness

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Part 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of substance use, suicidal ideation, mental illness, illness & death, and addiction.

Part 4: “Spring”

Part 4, Chapter 20 Summary

Hai returns home from work one day to find all the lights out and Grazina missing. He searches the house and neighbourhood for her in a panic before finally calling Lucas, who informs him that Grazina fell and hurt herself earlier that day; she is in the hospital. Hai pretends that he was at a clinic in response to Lucas’s questions about Hai’s absence during the day. He promises Lucas he will keep Grazina safe until she is moved into Hamilton Home.


Hai immediately goes to see Grazina. She is in the rehabilitation ward of the hospital and is largely incoherent, but recognizes Sergeant Pepper. She asks him for a story, and Hai tells her about Noah, with whom he shared a romantic relationship. He describes himself and Noah as fellow soldiers in the war, and confesses how he felt “okay” when he was with Noah, which was “even better than happy” (315). When Grazina asks where Noah is now, Hai states that Noah got injured when storming Normandy during the war, and began taking medicines to make the wounds go away; eventually, his heart gave out. Grazina is accepting of how Hai is a “liggabit” soldier, with Hai realizing that she means the LGBT community.


Grazina turns incoherent once again, and an upset Hai leaves the hospital. He calls Sony and begs to watch Gettysburg together. Hai makes his way to Sony’s group home, where they watch the movie together while the pills he has consumed take effect on Hai.

Part 4, Chapter 21 Summary

Grazina arrives home in an ambulance. She is more disoriented than usual, and Hai suggests they watch an old home video she has of Easter dinner with her family. They are interrupted by Lucas’ arrival along with a counsellor, who reveals they are here to move Grazina somewhere safer. A trembling Grazina begs “Sergeant Pepper” to help her as she doesn’t want to leave, even as a furious Lucas attempts to force her to go; she claims she has been making up her illness all along.


When Grazina asks her son to stop ridiculing her and calling her names, the counsellor stops and advises Lucas to regroup. On Hai’s whispered instructions, Grazina begins throwing salt and pepper shakers and shooting finger guns, and Lucas and the counsellor, who leave in a hurry, with Lucas threatening to return with the cops. After they leave, Hai asks Grazina if she truly has been making up some of her memory loss; she gives no response except an almost imperceptible smile.


April arrives, and even weeks after Lucas and the counsellor’s visit, they don’t return. Grazina seems to be getting worse; Maureen is relieved to discover that the lump in her breast is benign; and Mr. Vogel returns, instructing BJ to fire someone in a fury since she hasn’t done so yet. He decides on whom, and BJ is left to break the news to the HomeMarket crew that Sony is being let go. The others are shocked and try and figure out how they can keep Sony on by giving him each some of their shifts; however, Sony bolts for the door. BJ doesn’t let Hai leave until he finishes ringing up some orders, after which Hai immediately calls Aunt Kim. She realizes he is headed to Vermont, telling Hai that she has been writing Sony letters pretending to be his father. In a recent one, she invited Sony to come up there and work with “Uncle Minh” if he wanted to.


Hai cycles around until he finds Sony, who reveals that he’s going to see his father. Hai breaks the news to Sony that his father is dead; in response, Sony punches him, before revealing that he already knows.

Part 4, Chapter 22 Summary

Hai protests Sony hitting him, with the latter asserting he had to make a statement somehow. He reveals to the stunned Hai that he already knows about his father’s death, having read about the accident online; the news article is also in Sony’s file at the group home. However, Sony is determined to find the diamond trapped inside his father’s hand. To Hai’s question why he hasn’t done so earlier, Sony confesses that once the letters from his “father” started coming, he just went along with the story.


Hai tries to dissuade Sony from going, but in vain; he then decides to accompany his cousin instead. Hai has to take Grazina along with him as well, as it is too risky to leave her behind. When they break the news to the HomeMarket crew, BJ commissions a catering van for Sony as repayment for him having gotten fired, and asks Maureen to tag along as well.


They pick up Grazina and set out for Vermont. They stop at Springfield on the way for BJ to drop off an audition tape with a scout she knows, revealing this was her plan all along. When it gets dark, the group is forced to stop for the night. All the motels they try are full, so they spend the night at an empty barn they find instead. Hai gives Grazina her pills before bed and shares his stash with Maureen. That night, Hai dreams of a ship like Noah’s ark gliding through the trees in the field outside; in its way, a pig comes by whistling “Silent Night.” Hai sings along before speaking to the pig, apologizing to the different members of his family for letting them down. Hai is awakened by the morning light and Sony telling him that he was mumbling sadly in his sleep.

Part 4, Chapter 23 Summary

The group sets out again for Brattleboro and finds the park where Sony’s father veered off the trail. Searching through the park, they come across a small, charred circle of grass with a seared headrest in the centre. An emotional Sony speaks to the headrest, addressing his dead father and confessing how much he misses him. The group tries to console him, but Sony breaks away, frantically searching for the diamond in his father’s hands. The others help him half-heartedly, but they are all unsuccessful.


Hai reflects on how he later learned that Sony’s father was never a soldier; he simply worked in the laundry room in a US Army base, and his injury was merely from a grenade pin stuck on a soldier’s belt loop that snagged on his watch as he was proceeding to wash it. In the present, Hai tells Sony that he can go home now. The group drives back home with Maureen singing on the way.

Part 4, Chapter 24 Summary

When Hai and Grazina get back home, they find a notice on the door—a notice from Hartford County Family Services, informing them that they would be escorting Grazina to Hamilton Home the next evening at four. A downbeat Grazina spends the rest of the day watching television with Hai.


Grazina wakes Hai up in the middle of the night and asks to go to a diner together to get some coffee. As they eat, Hai watches Grazina slip away again, asking incoherent questions. In a moment of lucidity, she wonders if she was ever a good mother, and Hai reassures her. Grazina consoles him in turn when he gets teary, divining that he misses his mother.


As Hai prepares to ride the scooter on the way back, he is alarmed by the ground beneath him appearing to melt and slip away. However, Grazina points out that it is a wave of salamanders that are dashing across the parking lot—on the “Big Night” every spring, when the weather starts to warm, they rush into a pool of water to procreate. Hai and Grazina stand together for an awe-filled moment to watch the salamanders.

Part 4, Chapter 25 Summary

Grazina’s music wakes Hai 20 minutes before social services are scheduled to arrive. Although she is lucid, she pretends she is a young girl again, calling Hai “Sergeant Pepper.” Hai plays along, “trying to pretend their pretending was real” (382). They go out and ride on the scooter, pretending that they’ve finally made it to America.


Hai spots the patrol cars in the distance, and they slowly make their way back to the house. Crying again, Hai tells Grazina that he wishes he could take her somewhere else, but he doesn’t have “anywhere.” As they approach the house, Hai spots Lucas. Grazina quickly whispers to Hai that she has hidden money in a cookie tin in the house and asks him to take it as payment for getting her across. She asks if she will see him again, but immediately grows confused. A security guard from Hamilton House, who has accompanied Lucas, stops them, ushering Grazina into their van.


Hai makes his way into town and even though it is his day off, sits outside the HomeMarket. Sony, who is covering a shift for Maureen, eventually spots him. Hai gives Sony a wad of cash—Grazina’s money from the house, in addition to everything in his account that he had emptied the previous night. There is enough for Sony to bail Aunt Kim out as well as put down a deposit on an apartment for them. An overjoyed Sony rushes inside to tell the HomeMarket crew what Hai has done for him. Hai crosses into the next lot and climbs into a dumpster in the courtyard, contemplating how waste is proof of time having passed. His phone rings; it's his mother calling, asking when the semester ends and when he will be back home.


Two years later, Russia will get his sister, Anna, through rehab, and it will work this time. Wayne will move back to North Carolina and start a smokehouse. Maureen will undergo a mastectomy when the growth returns, but malignant the second time; she will recover at her brother’s place in Ohio and go on to live a long life. Aunt Kim and Sony will move into an apartment in Manchester, and both work at a restaurant while Sony studies at night to become a docent. BJ will become the manager at a HomeMarket in the airport while also partnering with another wrestler to become the New England Regional Women’s Tag Team Champion. Grazina will pass away seven months after moving into Hamilton Home, and in five years, no one from the original HomeMarket crew will be left at this franchise.


In the present, from inside the dumpster, Hai tells his mother that he is dissecting a corpse. He describes the experience for his mother as she listens on in awe. Afterwards, he confesses to her that he is scared of the future, and she tells him not to be: “Life is good when we do good things for each other” (396). Feeling a wave of love for his mother, Hai tells her, “Tu esi mano draugas” (396). He imagines that he hears many hogs, from somewhere deep inside him, screaming as they’re being dragged into the emperor’s butchery.

Part 4 Analysis

As Part 4 opens, Grazina’s fall and subsequent hospitalization decisively determine the path the story takes toward its conclusion, signaling the beginning of the end. Lucas decides to move Grazina into Hamilton Home immediately, even as the brewing conflict at HomeMarket reaches its climax, with Mr. Vogel instructing BJ to fire Sony. Both these incidents directly impact Hai’s relationships with Grazina and Sony, and the sense of belonging he’s found in his new life. The question that drives the final chapters of the narrative forward is whether Hai's character growth will be enough to sustain him without the structure of the community he’s built with Grazina and the HomeMarket crew.


Hai’s visit to Grazina when she is in the hospital represents his emotional climax, emphasizing the text’s thematic focus on Circumstantial Kinship and Found Family. For the first time, Hai finally opens up to someone about the grief he feels over Noah’s passing, acknowledging their past romantic relationship and his sexual identity out loud. This conversation marks a monumental moment for Hai, as these are details that he hasn’t told his mother. The scene reinforces the sense of Grazina and Hai as proxy mother and son for each other. Hai finally talking about Noah demonstrates the importance of his relationship with Grazina in his life, and the progress he has made in confronting and talking about the grief he carries with him rather than attempting to conceal and escape from it.


Sony’s firing epitomizes the text’s thematic examination of The Precarity of Working-Class Life, emphasizing the lack of security, stability, and permanence in the lives of the HomeMarket workers.  Despite Sony’s loyalty to BJ and his dedication to HomeMarket, he is fired, and BJ has no say over the matter. When Hai tries to go after Sony, BJ is forced to stop him and asks Hai to finish ringing up orders before he leaves. Vuong positions Sony as a dispensable employee stuck a few rungs below BJ on the corporate hierarchy. It’s a testament to the true kinship and bonds that the employees have formed with each other within this system, that BJ offers the company van, so she and Maureen can accompany Sony, Hai, and Grazina to Brattleboro. he reiterates it with the revelation that in five years, none of the original crew were left at the HomeMarket franchise.


Sony’s explosive revelation that he’s been aware of his father’s death for years foregrounds the text’s exploration of Storytelling and Make-Believe as Tools for Survival. He knows his mother has been lying to him, and he’s played along because the fiction gives him comfort. His acknowledgement of the truth underlines the human tendency to find comfort in pretense—an idea that Vuong reiterates in Sony’s expedition to find the diamond embedded in his dead father’s hand. None of the HomeMarket crew believe the diamond will be found—or even real—but they accompany him on his journey, mirroring the way Hai indulges Grazina’s delusions about being a young girl in the war. In both cases, the characters are motivated by the hope that this kind of make-believe will help the person they love find peace. While Sony does not find the diamond, he does come across evidence of his father’s death in the seared headrest, which allows him to grieve his father and find some closure, consoled by his HomeMarket family.


Vuong utilizes symbolism throughout the final chapters of the book, including the dream that Hai has the night he spends in the barn, and the crowd of salamanders he and Grazina spot in the parking lot of the diner. Hai’s dream—symbolizing all of his struggles—suggests he’s slowly and finally moving through the residual grief of Noah’s death, even as he faces losing Grazina. The pig singing “Silent Night” on the moving “Noah’s ark” in his dream echoes Grazina singing the same song to herself on his first night at her house. Despite all his protagonist has suffered and the grief he still carries inside him, the symbol of the salamanders gives the novel’s conclusion a hopeful tone. In the parking lot, Grazina tells Hai the salamanders are rushing to procreate as the weather turns warm, providing a sense of hope that despite everything, time and life go on, and endings are followed by new beginnings. Echoing an earlier assertion made by Grazina that just a little peace is enough in one’s life, Vuong offers resolution for each of his characters, giving the reader glimpses of what their lives look like years into the future and ending the book with Hai’s grief and hope coexisting within him.

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