49 pages • 1-hour read
Frank J. WebbA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
After Mr. Stevens leaves the used clothes shop, Kinch closes it. The next morning, his father, Mr. De Younge, opens the shop and finds the note dropped by Mr. Stevens. Mr. De Younge cannot read, so when Mr. Walters drops by the store that morning, Mr. De Younge asks him to read it. Mr. Walters discovers that it is a list of “[p]laces to be attacked” (196), which includes his own house. When Kinch arrives, he gives Mr. Walters the card of the man who dropped the note—George Stevens. Kinch has to deliver a suit to Mr. Stevens’s home and eavesdrops on his conversations while there. Kinch goes to Mr. Walters’s house and confirms that he overhead Mr. Stevens preparing a mob to attack Mr. Walters’s house and other Black homes in Philadelphia. Then, Kinch leaves to deliver a note to Mr. Ellis.
Mr. Walters goes to the mayor of Philadelphia and asks for help dealing with the threat of mob violence. The mayor does not take the threat seriously. Mr. Walters says that they will defend themselves.
The Black community of Philadelphia prepares for the attack by fleeing. Mr. Walters transforms his home into a fort. The Ellis family goes there for safety and to assist in the defense. Mr. Walters teaches Esther Ellis how to load a rifle. Then, all of the women and girls except Esther hide downstairs while the men wait for the attack. That night, they see many fires around the city. Then, the mob arrives. They throw rocks and then start shooting. In response, those in Mr. Walter’s house throw rocks and start shooting. The mob almost succeeds in breaking down the door when Caddy and Kinch drop boiling water with hot peppers on them, scaring them off.
Mr. Dennis goes out to gather more information. He comes back with news that the mob is planning on attacking the Garie residence. Mr. Ellis volunteers to go out and warn them. He is caught by the mob, which chases him onto a roof. He is hanging onto the chimney when they then cut off his fingers. He falls off the roof and is taken to the hospital by bystanders.
Mr. Garie is tending to his wife when he hears a mob in his front yard. He quickly has Mrs. Garie and the children leave out the back door, and they hide in the woodshed. Mr. Garie attempts to defend his family and home, but he is shot in the head and dies. While the mob ransacks the house, Mrs. Garie moans in pain in the woodshed. In the morning, Clarence finds a neighbor. The neighbors go to Mrs. Garie and see that she is dead with a newborn baby in her lap. The children are bereft and taken in by a neighbor.
That same morning, the Ellises wait for news of Mr. Ellis at Mr. Walters’s house. Mr. Walters goes to the Garies’ home to see if Mr. Ellis is there. When he arrives, he learns from Mr. Garie’s lawyer, Mr. Balch, of the deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Garie and that Mr. Garie’s will is missing. Meanwhile, Esther goes to the Ellis residence to see if her father is there. She discovers that it has been burned to the ground. Mr. Walters and Esther return to Mr. Walters’s home and share the sad news with the rest of the Ellis family. They spend the rest of the day looking for Mr. Ellis, with no luck.
Mr. Walters communicates with Mr. Balch about the Garies’ burial. He tells Mr. Balch that they will not be permitted to be buried in the white-only Ash-grove cemetery and will have to be buried in the Black church graveyard. He also tells Mr. Balch that Clarence and Emily will be cared for at his house. Mr. Balch shares that he read a report in the newspapers about a badly beaten unidentified Black man in the hospital.
Mr. Walters goes to the hospital and sees that the man is Mr. Ellis. Mr. Ellis is badly hurt and may die. Mr. Walters returns to his home and breaks the news to Esther, who in turn breaks the news to her mother and sister. Mr. Walters says that, given the circumstances, the Ellis family are all to stay at his home for the time being.
The next day, the Ellis family goes to the hospital to see Mr. Ellis. He is very badly injured, and they are all very distressed.
Meanwhile, in Warmouth, Charlie is settling in well. One morning, Mr. Whately goes to Mrs. Bird and tells her that he has not had any success getting the board to allow Charlie to be enrolled in the academy. She resolves to send him to Sabbath school (Sunday school) nevertheless. That afternoon, a Miss Cass visits Mr. Whately, the superintendent of the Sunday school, with a proposal to open a Sunday school for Black people. He agrees. That Sunday, an illiterate woman named Aunt Comfort attends the class. She is learning her letters. Then, Charlie arrives. Miss Cass assumes that Charlie is also illiterate, but he quickly proves himself to be very bright. Aunt Comfort is very impressed, as is Mr. Whately. He invites Charlie to participate in the white catechism that afternoon. He does very well, even though he has a moment of nerves where he forgets the Lord’s Prayer until Aunt Comfort helps him. Mrs. Bird is very proud.
This section of The Garies and Their Friends is the most violent and devastating. It details an example of Racism and Discrimination Within Black Communities based on historical events such as the 1834 Philadelphia Race Riot. On August 12, 1834, a mob of primarily Irish white men attacked Black people and their property. Over the next several days, the mob continued to attack Black communal spaces including churches. Philadelphia’s large population of free Black people with relative wealth continued to be a target for white mob attacks throughout the 19th century. This historical event has several parallels with the fictional events recounted in The Garies and Their Friends. For instance, the mob is led by an Irishman, McCloskey, and other working-class members of his community. Further, the historical mob targeted wealthy Black members of the community, like Mr. Walters in the text. In another parallel, Mr. Walters attempts to secure help from officials when he learns of the locations the mob is planning to target, but the mayor refuses to take his concerns seriously. In 1834, abolitionists “requested police and sheriff protection before things escalated, but officials failed to comply” (Jones, Layla A. “Black History: Philadelphia’s Explosive and Violent 19th Century Race Riots.” Billy Penn at WHYY, 26 Feb. 2021).
Although the official consensus following the 1834 Philadelphia riots was that it was sparked by economic downturn provoking tensions between the Black community and Irish immigrants, Webb emphasizes the importance of the white desire to control Black-owned real estate and real-estate development in Philadelphia more generally. It is worth noting the Mr. Walters, the wealthiest Black character in the text, made his fortune in real estate. While part of Mr. Stevens’s motivations in organizing the mob is as cover for his murder of Mr. Garie for the inheritance, part of it is also shown to be as a method of clearing the way for white real-estate speculation and development in Black neighborhoods. The devastation this plan has on Black communities is shown most clearly in its effects on the Ellises, who lose their home (which they owned outright) and their livelihood, in the form of Mr. Ellis’s carpentry services.
In light of this discrimination and violence, Webb takes care to show how the Solidarity and Resistance Within Black Communities are mobilized. Mr. Walters, following the model of his hero Toussaint l’Ouverture, opens his home to displaced Black people and provides weapons for self-defense. It is not just Black men who are mobilized to protect their community; women play an important role, too, as shown by Esther and Caddy Ellis’s actions during the attack. The importance of Black women acting in solidarity is shown in miniature when Charlie, in relative safety in the countryside, is supported by Aunt Comfort. Although she is illiterate, she helps Charlie when he forgets the beginning of the Lord’s Prayer while being publicly tested during catechism class.



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