50 pages • 1-hour read
Colm TóibínA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The Master contains many descriptions of Henry’s writing process, along with sketches that become The Turn of the Screw, The Portrait of a Lady, The Bostonians, and The Princess Casamassima. Henry’s writing becomes a key motif that helps the author to more fully embrace The Power of Art and the Creative Process. The author explores the relationship between art and life in part through Henry’s use of his friends and family as artistic inspiration. Henry does not necessarily place his peers fully formed into his novels, but he does use his observations and interpretations to construct his own characters. By imbuing his writing with psychological depth and interiority, Henry creates a more cerebral form of writing that is well-regarded because of his deeply detailed characterizations. As he fully explores his characters’ identities, beliefs, values, and motivations, he conjures up lifelike relationships and pens novels that are much more character-dependent than plot-driven. This idea of author as “artist” is central to Henry’s identity as both a writer and an individual; he prides himself on the quality of his writing and on his ability to observe and understand the people around him. While Henry works on The Turn of the Screw, he observes several different people in an attempt to decide upon the inner workings of his characters.
Throughout Henry’s life, the deaths of various loved ones serve as springboards for his own inner growth. Henry is introverted by nature and often prefers isolation to the stress of society, but he also maintains close relationships with his friends and family members. Haunted by various deaths throughout the course of this novel, he responds in the only way he knows how: by using the loss as a source of personal reflection. As such, the deaths of Henry’s close friends and sister allow him to clarify his identity and strike a better balance between his need for solitude and his desire for meaningful friendship.
Henry also conceives of himself as a solitary artist and often struggles during social events. In most cases, he prefers observation, reflection, and writing to direct interaction. However, the deaths of Constance, Milly, and his sister Alice profoundly affect him, as do his other friends’ allegations that he could have been a more devoted friend and brother. In the case of Constance, her untimely death causes him to reflect deeply on the nature of their friendship, and he also muses on the topic of friendship in a more abstract sense. He realizes that he and Constance were kindred spirits because of their creative natures and introverted personalities. He understands how much her friendship truly meant to him and reflects that although he is not as social as most people, he still values friends who understand him. Thus, although he is a careful observer of people and their relationships, he also craves valuable connections with others in order to enhance his own life.
Travel is an important part of Henry’s life, both as a young person and as an adult. His father moved the family around various cities in Europe, hoping to instill an appreciation for cosmopolitanism in his children. Cosmopolitanism is the philosophy that humans, regardless of ethnicity, nationality, or other affiliations, belong to the same broader global community. It therefore follows that they should focus on shared beliefs, values, and connections, not on the specifics of national identification. Because all humans are connected, they have a responsibility to treat one another with dignity and respect. It is a kind of “universal citizenship” based on humanity rather than country of origin. Cosmopolitanism dates back to the 18th century, but rose to prominence especially during the years between the Industrial Revolution and World War I. Men like Henry, who often traveled abroad, adopted cosmopolitanism as a key facet of identity and would continue to do so until the idea of shared humanity was shattered by World War I.
For Henry in particular, an appreciation for travel and cosmopolitanism becomes much more important than his identity as an American. He views “American-ness” as narrow-minded and even “myopic.” His sense of belonging is rooted in the idea of shared culture, values, and experiences, and he seeks out people who have similar convictions. For example, he and Constance bond over their shared appreciation for what it means to be human in a modernizing world.



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