The Skeleton Tree

Iain Lawrence

49 pages 1-hour read

Iain Lawrence

The Skeleton Tree

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2016

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “The Last Morning”

In the present day, 12-year-old Chris awakens in the night, afraid. He’s often afraid at night, wondering about the noises in the forest. He lies in bed until the cabin fills with light and then shakes 15-year-old Frank awake. He tells Frank that today is the day they’ll be rescued. However, Frank isn’t interested and asks Chris to build up the fire so that he can go back to sleep. As Chris starts a fire, he reflects on how much he has learned in the woods.

Chapter 2 Summary: “The Daredevil”

In the small cabin, Chris banks the fire and thinks about his Uncle Jack.


In a flashback, Uncle Jack calls Chris’s mother to invite Chris to go sailing in Alaska. Uncle Jack’s only brother, Chris’s father, recently passed away. Chris’s mother warns him that Uncle Jack “can’t be happy unless he’s facing danger” (5). Excited at the prospect of missing school, Chris encourages his mother to approve of the idea, and she reluctantly agrees, urging him to be careful.


Chris flies alone from Vancouver to Kodiak, though his flight is five hours delayed. Uncle Jack picks him up and takes him to a tiny sailboat named Puff moored at the docks. Inside the cabin is a boy slightly older than Chris. The boy is rude and distant, and Uncle Jack doesn’t explain who he is. Uncle Jack tells them about an island of trash in the ocean and how a tsunami in Japan two years ago has washed all kinds of trash toward the Alaskan coast.


After they set off the following morning, Chris gets seasick and takes several pills. He lies in the bunk, groggy and unable to think. Soon the sea is entering the cabin, the floorboards are shattering, and water rises over his bed. Disoriented by the seasickness pills, Chris takes a moment to realize what is happening.

Chapter 3 Summary: “The Lifeboat”

In the present day, Frank stays in the cabin while Chris runs through the dark forest to the skeleton tree on the point overlooking the sea. As he looks out over the water, he’s disappointed to see no ships coming toward him. He hasn’t seen Uncle Jack since the day the boat sank. However, Chris is certain today is the day they’ll be rescued.


In a flashback, Chris is in the hull of the sailboat as water pours in. He’s groggy from the medicine and can’t fully grasp what’s happening. He crawls out to find Uncle Jack tossing Frank into the small lifeboat. Uncle Jack asks Chris what he saved from the cabin, but Chris has nothing. Uncle Jack goes into the cabin and tosses a radio up to Chris, who misses. He sees disappointment in his uncle’s eyes, and then the boat goes under, taking Uncle Jack with it.


Chris dives into the lifeboat, frees it from its tether, and bails water out as quickly as it refills from the raging sea. Frank is awake but in shock, unmoving and unseeing. As night falls, the sea calms, but Frank still doesn’t move. At dawn they spot land, and Chris rows for the entire day until they’re cast from the dinghy into the breaking waves.


In the dark, Frank nearly drowns getting to shore, and Chris is forced to save him rather than save the lifeboat. In the process, he loses his boots. At dawn, the boys realize that the cove where they washed ashore will soon be covered in water as the tide rises.


Frank drinks fresh water from the rock and eats seaweed off the beach. Chris doesn’t know how to do these things, and Frank rudely says his father taught him. Frank asks whether Jack is dead, and Chris nods. Frank accuses Chris of not trying to save Uncle Jack. They march along the coast, Frank eating berries and snapping branches into Chris’s face. They call each other names, squabbling and bickering, and Frank won’t explain who he is or how he knew Uncle Jack.


They try to light a fire but fail and spend a cold, damp night in the woods before continuing to walk north. In anger, Frank goes south, and Chris finds a beach covered in trash, where he soon finds two flip-flops to replace his lost boots. At the top of a peak near the sea he sees wilderness in all directions. Frank comes running up behind him, and Chris learns that he isn’t the only one who doesn’t want to be alone.

Chapters 1-3 Analysis

Suspense infuses the opening chapters. The appearance of a mysterious boy who won’t answer questions about himself creates tension. This foreshadows Chris’s shock upon learning of Frank’s true identity as his brother. Chris doesn’t speculate on Frank’s connection to Uncle Jack but nonetheless remains curious.


Chris is a young city boy grappling with the recent lost his father. His wild Uncle Jack, very much his father’s opposite, is exactly what Chris needs to find his footing in a world without a father figure. Although he knows he’s not as wild or adventurous as Uncle Jack, he looks up to his uncle and wants to impress him.


When Chris drops the radio that Uncle Jack sacrifices his life for, he thinks, “I had let him down” (18). Chris wants to show his uncle that he’s capable but has failed. He won’t have another chance to show what kind of man he becomes to Uncle Jack or to his father, and the last emotion he sees in his uncle is disappointment, a heavy burden for a 12-year-old boy to carry.


Chris is poorly prepared for the wilderness and lacks the skills to survive. Worse, Frank claims that his father taught him survival skills. Chris thinks about how his own father was always absent and wishes he had a father like Frank’s. The novel explores the idea of male identity without a father figure as Chris struggles with his identity in a world without his dad or his uncle.


Meanwhile, Frank is desperate to demonstrate that he doesn’t need Chris. Although Chris saves his life, Frank responds, “The day I need your help, that’s the day I kill myself” (26). When they walk in opposite directions, however, Frank runs to catch up with Chris. Whereas Frank would have cruelly mocked Chris, the latter remains silent. This is the first real indication of the difference between their burgeoning characters. Chris, although ill-prepared, smaller, and unaware of Frank’s identity, assesses their situation quickly and acts with empathy and kindness to save and care for his sole human companion. Frank, in contrast, is cruel and incapable of reacting to the situation: He goes into shock when the sailboat sinks and would likely have drowned had Chris not pulled him into the dinghy. Frank is afraid of being alone yet wary of growing close to Chris. While Frank brags about his survival skills, Chris readily admits to not having any, yet is the one who keeps his wits about him to save Frank’s life and assess their situation. Like Uncle Jack and Chris’s father, the boys are opposites. This introduces one of the novel’s main themes: Mental Attitude and Survival.


The landscape is rugged, wild, and remote yet hardly pristine. In the uninhabited hinterland of Alaska, debris and trash float atop the waves, cluttering the beaches and hanging in the low bushes. Signs of humanity are everywhere, even though humanity itself is out of reach: “Plastic bottles, metal barrels, fishing floats, they all bobbed dizzily on the waves. Uncle Jack said it was debris from a tsunami that had hit Japan more than two years earlier” (11). The long reach of humanity extends into the most remote natural sanctuaries, and lingers. Thus, the novel comments on the far reach of humanity’s impact on the environment.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Unlock all 49 pages of this Study Guide

Get in-depth, chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis from our literary experts.

  • Grasp challenging concepts with clear, comprehensive explanations
  • Revisit key plot points and ideas without rereading the book
  • Share impressive insights in classes and book clubs