The Song of Achilles

Madeline Miller

99 pages 3-hour read

Madeline Miller

The Song of Achilles

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2011

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Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

Patroclus is an exiled prince who finds an unexpected home and purpose in Phthia. Exiled at age ten after a tragic accident, he grows up alongside Achilles, shifting from a boy lacking confidence into a dedicated healer. He rejects the traditional, violent standards of Greek heroism. Instead, he cultivates empathy, community, and medical skill in the army's infirmary.

Key Relationships

Romantic Partner Of Achilles

Exiled Son Of Menoitius

Student Of Chiron

Despised By Thetis

Close Companion To Briseis

Foster Son Of Peleus

Achilles is the prince of Phthia, the son of King Peleus and the sea-nymph Thetis. Prophesied to be the greatest warrior of his generation, he possesses extraordinary speed, strength, and combat skill. Despite his terrifying potential on the battlefield, he initially shows a gentle, earnest demeanor in private. He prioritizes his connection with Patroclus until the pressures of war and honor demand his attention.

Key Relationships

Romantic Partner Of Patroclus

Son Of Thetis

Son Of Peleus

Student Of Chiron

Rival Of Agamemnon

Secretly Married To Deidameia

Thetis is a sea-nymph and the divine mother of Achilles. Forced by the Olympian gods to marry the mortal Peleus, she focuses all her ambition on her son. She is determined to see him achieve god-like glory. Calculating and intimidating, she is deeply prejudiced against mortals and views them as fleeting and insignificant.

Key Relationships

Ambitious Mother Of Achilles

Hostile Toward Patroclus

Estranged Wife Of Peleus

Manipulator Of Deidameia

Calls Upon Debt From Zeus

Entrusts Son To Chiron

Agamemnon is the Mycenaean king leading the massive Greek expedition to Troy to recover his sister-in-law, Helen. He is highly protective of his position as general and expects unquestioning loyalty from his allied kings. His uncompromising leadership style quickly places him at odds with independent warriors who value their own honor.

Key Relationships

Brother Of Menelaus

Commander And Rival Of Achilles

Father Of Iphigenia

Captor Of Chryseis

Advised By Odysseus

Allied With Diomedes

Challenged By Patroclus

Odysseus is the prince of Ithaca, known for his cunning, strategic mind, and persuasive speech. Unlike other Greek leaders who rely on brute strength, Odysseus uses trickery, diplomacy, and keen observation. He recognizes the hidden dynamics between people and frequently mediates disputes among the volatile Greek ranks.

Key Relationships

Sparring Partner Of Diomedes

Recruiter Of Achilles

Advisor To Agamemnon

Counsels Patroclus

Supporting Characters

Briseis is an Anatolian farm girl taken captive during the Greek raids on the Trojan countryside. Spared from a harsher fate when claimed by the Phthian camp, she adapts to her new reality by learning Greek and assisting in the medical tent. She becomes an integrated, valued member of the camp, offering warmth and practical knowledge.

Key Relationships

Bonded Closely With Patroclus

Claimed As Prize By Achilles

Coveted By Agamemnon

Menoitius is the king of Opus and Patroclus's father. Valuing physical strength, confidence, and traditional martial excellence, he views his undersized son as a failure. He is quick to anger and highly concerned with his reputation among the other Greek kings.

Key Relationships

Disappointed Father Of Patroclus

Peleus is the king of Phthia and Achilles's mortal father. Having earned his reputation fighting alongside heroes like Heracles, he is now an older, respected ruler who takes in exiled boys to build his army. He is fond of his son and remarkably tolerant of Achilles's unconventional choices.

Key Relationships

Proud Father Of Achilles

Mortal Husband Of Thetis

Foster Father To Patroclus

Chiron is a wise centaur who resides in a pale rose quartz cave on Mount Pelion. Famed for training legendary Greek heroes, he mentors boys in medicine, survival, combat, and music. He provides a secluded, judgment-free environment where his students can discover their true strengths.

Key Relationships

Instructor Of Achilles

Instructor Of Patroclus

Deidameia is the princess of Scyros, daughter of King Lycomedes. Used by Thetis to hide Achilles and secure his bloodline, she finds herself trapped in a secret, loveless arrangement. She is proud but isolated, struggling with the reality of being used as a pawn.

Key Relationships

Arranged Wife Of Achilles

Jealous Of Patroclus

Daughter Of Lycomedes

Lycomedes is the king of Scyros who hosts Thetis's disguised son. He is a diplomatic host but becomes fiercely protective of his daughter Deidameia's honor when he discovers the deception playing out in his own palace.

Key Relationships

Protective Father Of Deidameia

Host To Achilles

Diomedes is the king of Argos and one of the most fearsome Greek warriors. He frequently travels alongside Odysseus on recruitment and diplomatic missions. He uses blunt, aggressive banter to unbalance his targets, serving as the forceful counterpart to Odysseus's rhetoric.

Key Relationships

Ally Of Odysseus

Subordinate To Agamemnon

Menelaus is the king of Sparta and the chosen husband of Helen. Described as a solid, fearless, and well-liked man, he relies on his brother Agamemnon to rally the Greek kingdoms after his wife is abducted.

Key Relationships

Husband Of Helen

Brother Of Agamemnon

Helen is a princess of Sparta and a purported daughter of Zeus. Her extraordinary beauty prompts an unprecedented gathering of suitors, leading to a blood oath that binds all of Greece to defend her eventual marriage.

Key Relationships

Wife Of Menelaus

Abducted By Paris

Paris is the beautiful son of King Priam of Troy and a favorite of the goddess Aphrodite. His decision to take Helen initiates the massive Greek military response against his city.

Key Relationships

Abductor Of Helen

Brother Of Hector

Son Of Priam

Hector is the crown prince of Troy and the greatest warrior of the Trojan forces. He is a favorite of the god Apollo and known for his piety, capability, and devotion to his city and family. His survival is directly tied to a prophecy concerning Achilles.

Key Relationships

Prophesied Enemy Of Achilles

Son Of Priam

Priam is the pious and respected king of Troy. He refuses to turn Helen over to the Greeks, citing his duty to protect those who seek sanctuary in his city, a decision that ensures the inevitability of the war.

Key Relationships

Father Of Hector

Chryseis is a young woman captured by the Greeks. As a servant of Apollo, her capture by Agamemnon sparks divine outrage, leading to a devastating plague upon the Greek camp.

Key Relationships

Captive Of Agamemnon

Daughter Of Chryses

Chryses is a high priest of Apollo who approaches the Greek commanders offering wealth in exchange for his daughter's safe return. When humiliated and dismissed by Agamemnon, he calls upon divine intervention.

Key Relationships

Father Of Chryseis

Petitioning Agamemnon

Phoinix is an older counselor to Achilles who travels with the Phthian forces to Troy. He provides guidance, helps manage the camp, and attempts to offer wisdom through historical allegories when tensions rise.

Key Relationships

Counselor To Achilles

Works Alongside Patroclus

Machaon is the primary physician for the Greek army. Recognizing Patroclus's training under Chiron, he allows the young man to assist with surgical procedures, fostering a space where Patroclus finds his true calling amidst the war.

Key Relationships

Medical Mentor To Patroclus

Calchas is the chief priest and seer of the Greek army. He is responsible for interpreting the gods' will, including identifying Artemis's anger at Aulis and Apollo's fury during the plague at Troy.

Key Relationships

Prophet For Agamemnon

Iphigenia is the thirteen-year-old daughter of Agamemnon. She is brought to the military camp under the guise of a royal wedding, completely unaware of the political and divine machinations surrounding her arrival.

Key Relationships

Daughter Of Agamemnon

Falsely Betrothed To Achilles

Automedon is Achilles's skilled charioteer, gifted by King Peleus. He manages the horses and acts as a steadfast presence on the battlefield, attempting to follow orders even amidst the chaos of combat.

Key Relationships

Charioteer For Achilles

Protects In Battle Patroclus