The Song of Achilles

Madeline Miller
98 pages3-hour read
Fiction
Novel
Adult
Published in 2011

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

The young, exiled son of King Menoitius. Small and lacking traditional martial skills, he is banished to Phthia after accidentally killing a nobleman's son over a game of dice. In Phthia, he forms an intense, life-defining bond with the prince Achilles, eventually choosing to study medicine and healing under the centaur Chiron rather than pursue a warrior's path.

Key Relationships

Son of Menoitius

Romantic Partner of Achilles

Subject of Disapproval for Thetis

Foster Son of Peleus

Student of Chiron

Friend and Protector of Briseis

The golden-haired prince of Phthia and son of the sea-nymph Thetis. Prophesied to be the greatest warrior of his generation, he possesses superhuman speed and martial skill. He rejects the traditional expectations of his status by claiming the disgraced exile Patroclus as his sworn companion, though he remains acutely aware of his destiny for immortal glory.

Key Relationships

Romantic Partner of Patroclus

Son of Thetis

Son of Peleus

Student of Chiron

Subordinate and Rival of Agamemnon

Secret Husband of Deidameia

Cousin of Ajax

False Betrothed of Iphigenia

A sea-nymph forced by the Olympian gods into a mortal marriage with King Peleus. She possesses a chilling, otherworldly presence and actively works to separate her son from human attachments. Viewing mortals as insignificant, she schemes relentlessly to secure eternal glory for Achilles.

Key Relationships

Mother of Achilles

Estranged Wife of Peleus

Harsh Critic of Patroclus

The pragmatic prince of Ithaca who secures his own marriage to Penelope before suggesting the blood oath that binds the Greek kingdoms. He relies on diplomacy, cunning, and strategic manipulation to recruit forces and maintain order within the army.

Key Relationships

Husband of Penelope

Tactical Ally of Agamemnon

Recruiter of Achilles

Bantering Partner of Diomedes

An Anatolian farm girl captured during the Greek raids on the Trojan countryside. She integrates into the Phthian camp, learning Greek and assisting with medical duties. Her presence tests the boundaries of property and honor among the warring kings.

Key Relationships

Friend and Confidant of Patroclus

War Prize of Achilles

Target of Desire for Agamemnon

The Mycenaean general leading the Greek expedition to Troy. He leverages the abduction of his sister-in-law to mount a massive military campaign, demanding absolute submission and vast tributes from his allied kings.

Key Relationships

Older Brother of Menelaus

Husband of Clytemnestra

Father of Iphigenia

Commander and Rival of Achilles

Threat to Briseis

Captor of Chryseis

Supporting Characters

A Greek king who openly displays disappointment in his son Patroclus. He hosts the Panhellenic games and actively seeks to secure a prestigious marriage to elevate his family's status, ultimately exiling his son to avoid political fallout.

Key Relationships

Father of Patroclus

The modest king of Phthia who once fought alongside Heracles. He maintains his kingdom's alliances through generosity and fosters exiled boys, integrating them into his court's military training.

Key Relationships

Father of Achilles

Estranged Husband of Thetis

Foster Father of Patroclus

A wise centaur residing in a rose quartz cave on Mount Pelion. He instructs legendary Greek figures in survival, medicine, and combat arts, emphasizing the equal worth of all human lives and the grim realities of heroic glory.

Key Relationships

Teacher of Achilles

Teacher of Patroclus

The king of Sparta whose wife, Helen, is abducted to Troy. He rallies the Greek-speaking world to honor their blood oaths and help him reclaim her, serving as a more diplomatic presence than his older brother Agamemnon.

Key Relationships

Younger Brother of Agamemnon

Husband of Helen

A princess of Sparta reputed to be the daughter of Zeus, known for her unmatched beauty. Her marriage to Menelaus and subsequent abduction sparks the Trojan War.

Key Relationships

Wife of Menelaus

Half-Sister of Clytemnestra

The king of Argos and a fearsome Greek warrior. He frequently spars verbally with Odysseus and executes Agamemnon's darker orders without hesitation.

Key Relationships

Bantering Partner of Odysseus

Subordinate to Agamemnon

The princess of Scyros who hosts a disguised guest in her father's court. She acts as an instrument for divine ambitions, ordered by Thetis to secure an heir for a famous lineage.

Key Relationships

Daughter of Lycomedes

Secret Wife of Achilles

The king of Scyros who hosts a disguised guest in his court at the behest of the goddess Thetis, attempting to keep his kingdom out of the growing conflict.

Key Relationships

Father of Deidameia

A Trojan prince and his city's most formidable defender. He is known for his piety, military capability, and deep love for his family, standing as the primary obstacle to a Greek victory.

Key Relationships

Son of Priam

Husband of Andromache

Destined Opponent of Achilles

The elderly, pious king of Troy who presides over a city under siege by the Greek forces. He loves his children deeply and maintains the favor of the gods.

Key Relationships

Father of Hector

Father of Paris

The young daughter of Agamemnon who travels to the military camp at Aulis under the false promise of a high-status marriage to the army's greatest warrior.

Key Relationships

Daughter of Agamemnon

False Betrothed of Achilles

A priest's daughter who is taken as a war prize, sparking a devastating plague upon the Greek camp when the general refuses to release her.

Key Relationships

Daughter of Chryses

Captive of Agamemnon

A high priest of Apollo who begs the Greek leadership to accept a ransom for his captive daughter, calling upon divine wrath when he is humiliated.

Key Relationships

Father of Chryseis