The Wanderings of Odysseus

Rosemary Sutcliff

44 pages 1-hour read

Rosemary Sutcliff

The Wanderings of Odysseus

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1995

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Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

Odysseus is the resourceful king of Ithaca, leading his men homeward after fighting in the decade-long Trojan War. He possesses immense intelligence and tactical skill, utilizing deceit and physical disguises to survive hostile encounters. His unyielding desire to return to his family drives his actions, though his arrogance occasionally causes severe trouble with divine powers.

Key Relationships

Husband of Penelope

Father of Telemachus

Son of Laertes

Favored mortal of Athene

Enemy of Poseidon

Captive and romantic interest of Calypso

Guest of Circe

Captor and enemy of Polyphemus

Telemachus is the young prince of Ithaca, coming of age in a household overrun by his mother's aggressive suitors. Initially timid and unsure of his authority, he begins taking responsibility for his father's estate and assets. Guided by divine intervention, he sets out on his own journey to gather information about his missing father.

Key Relationships

Son of Odysseus

Son of Penelope

Guided by Athene

Opponent of Antinous

Guest of Nestor

Guest of Menelaus

Penelope is the queen of Ithaca, managing a besieged household in her husband's extended absence. She matches her husband in intelligence, inventing clever tricks like unraveling her weaving at night to hold off the nobles demanding her hand in marriage. She remains steadfastly devoted to her family despite widespread assumptions that she is a widow.

Key Relationships

Wife of Odysseus

Mother of Telemachus

Daughter-in-law of Laertes

Pursued by Antinous

Pursued by Eurymachus

Employer of Eurycleia

Athene is the goddess of war and wisdom who strongly favors the king of Ithaca for his courage and sharp mind. She actively intervenes to help his family, providing counsel to his son and ensuring safe passage when possible. Her ability to assist directly is restricted by the political hierarchy of the gods, particularly the anger of her uncle.

Key Relationships

Divine protector of Odysseus

Guide of Telemachus

Niece of Poseidon

Protector of Penelope

Ally of Laertes

Subordinate to Zeus

Poseidon is the god of the sea and a commanding force in the ancient world. He holds a deep grudge against the king of Ithaca for harming his son, utilizing his control over the ocean to disrupt the royal's voyage. His anger ensures the journey homeward is long and dangerous.

Key Relationships

Father of Polyphemus

Enemy of Odysseus

Uncle of Athene

Brother of Zeus

Opponent of Ino

Divine colleague of Calypso

Calypso is a nymph possessing immense beauty and magic. She lives in isolation and desires companionship, treating her stranded guest with deep affection. She offers immortality in exchange for his continued presence, though she ultimately respects the commands of higher deities.

Key Relationships

Captor and romantic interest of Odysseus

Visitee of Hermes

Romantic rival of Penelope

Subordinate to Zeus

Opponent of Athene

Divine colleague of Poseidon

Supporting Characters

Polyphemus is a gigantic, one-eyed Cyclops living a savage and isolated existence on a remote island. He scorns the laws of hospitality and the authority of the higher gods, preferring brute strength over civilized behavior. He traps travelers in his cave, using them as a food source until he is outwitted.

Key Relationships

Son of Poseidon

Victim and enemy of Odysseus

Blasphemer against Zeus

Circe is a powerful enchantress dwelling on a heavily forested island. She uses magic potions and a wand to transform unsuspecting visitors into animals. Once her magic is countered, she proves to be a generous host, offering shelter and crucial advice for the dangerous waters ahead.

Key Relationships

Host of Odysseus

Feared by Eurylochus

Opposed by the magic of Hermes

Alcinous is the king of the Phaeacians, ruling over a peaceful and highly civilized island. He values proper hospitality, offering food, entertainment, and a place to rest to travelers in need. He enjoys athletic games and stories of the Trojan War.

Key Relationships

Husband of Arete

Father of Nausicaa

Host of Odysseus

Arete is the queen of Phaecia, commanding immense respect in her household and kingdom. She is the authority a traveler must approach to secure safe passage and assistance, representing the civilized ideals of her society.

Key Relationships

Wife of Alcinous

Mother of Nausicaa

Host of Odysseus

Nausicaa is the princess of Phaecia. She acts with courage and kindness when discovering a desperate stranger on the shore, providing him with clean garments and clear instructions on how to secure help from her parents.

Key Relationships

Daughter of Alcinous

Daughter of Arete

Rescuer of Odysseus

Eurycleia is an elderly enslaved person serving the royal family of Ithaca. She nursed the king when he was a boy and remains fiercely loyal to his household during his prolonged absence. She is highly observant and protective of the family's secrets.

Key Relationships

Former nurse of Odysseus

Servant of Penelope

Eumaeus is a loyal swineherd working on the Ithacan estate. He maintains the property and honors the laws of hospitality by welcoming strangers. He refuses to align himself with the hostile nobles occupying the main palace.

Key Relationships

Loyal servant of Odysseus

Friend of Telemachus

Colleague of Philoetius

Philoetius is a cowherd working for the royal family of Ithaca. He despises the nobles consuming his master's livestock and maintains his loyalty to the true king despite the passing years.

Key Relationships

Loyal servant of Odysseus

Colleague of Eumaeus

Antinous is one of the leading nobles aggressively attempting to seize control of Ithaca. He possesses a violently arrogant temperament and displays complete disrespect for social customs. He regularly consumes another family's resources while plotting violence against the rightful heir.

Key Relationships

Suitor of Penelope

Enemy of Telemachus

Persecutor of Odysseus

Ally of Eurymachus

Eurymachus is another prominent noble seeking to force a marriage with the queen of Ithaca. He displays a cruel temperament and lacks any reverence for the gods or the rules of hospitality, freely mistreating the less fortunate.

Key Relationships

Suitor of Penelope

Ally of Antinous

Opponent of Odysseus

Laertes is the elderly father of the king of Ithaca. He has retreated from city life, grieving the assumed loss of his son and living quietly in the countryside. He still retains the bravery of his younger years.

Key Relationships

Father of Odysseus

Father-in-law of Penelope

Hermes is the messenger god who actively delivers commands from the divine hierarchy. He provides practical assistance and strict orders to both mortals and immortals, ensuring the will of the highest gods is carried out.

Key Relationships

Helper of Odysseus

Messenger to Calypso

Aeolus is the Lord of the Winds, capable of controlling the gales and breezes of the sea. He initially acts as a generous host, offering a powerful gift to speed a ship's return, but refuses to help anyone he believes the gods despise.

Key Relationships

Host of Odysseus

Tiresias is a deceased prophet from Thebes who retains his prophetic vision in the afterlife. He holds crucial information regarding future dangers and instructions on how to survive them.

Key Relationships

Prophet for Odysseus

Eurylochus is a relative and crewman sailing homeward from Troy. He possesses cautious instincts, hanging back when his men enter a strange house, which allows him to survive and report the danger.

Key Relationships

Relative of Odysseus

Nestor is an old king who fought at Troy and returned home safely. He represents civilized society and proper hospitality, warmly receiving visitors and offering his own son as a guide.

Key Relationships

Host of Telemachus

Former comrade of Odysseus

Menelaus is the king of Sparta whose wife's abduction sparked the Trojan War. He endured his own years of wandering before securing his safe return. He generously shares his wealth and information with travelers.

Key Relationships

Husband of Helen

Host of Telemachus

Helen is the queen of Sparta, famed for her immense beauty which ignited a decade-long war. She has since returned to a peaceful domestic life, extending kindness to the sons of her former allies.

Key Relationships

Wife of Menelaus

Host of Telemachus

Ino is a sea goddess who takes pity on a drowning sailor. She provides practical, magical assistance in the form of a veil to prevent a traveler from perishing in the waves.

Key Relationships

Rescuer of Odysseus

Argus is an old hunting dog waiting for his master's return. He remains faithfully near the Ithacan palace, holding onto his memory of the true king despite the passage of two decades.

Key Relationships

Pet of Odysseus

Melanthius is a goatherd who abandons his loyalty to his rightful king. He aligns himself with the aggressive nobles, adopting their cruel behavior and actively assisting them in securing weapons.

Key Relationships

Disloyal servant of Odysseus

Ally of Antinous

Hyperion is the Sun Lord who guards his prized cattle on a remote island. He requires absolute respect for his property, and any violation of his sacred herd results in swift and devastating divine punishment.

Key Relationships

Divine punisher of Odysseus

Elpenor is a crew member who perishes from an accidental fall off a roof. He lingers as a shade, requesting proper burial rites so he may find peace in the afterlife.

Key Relationships

Subordinate of Odysseus

Maron is the son of Apollo who survives a raid on his town. He expresses his gratitude for being spared by presenting his attackers with twelve jars of extraordinarily potent wine.

Key Relationships

Benefactor of Odysseus

Zeus is the supreme god of thunder and the sky. He orchestrates the fates of both mortals and immortals, granting ultimate approval for the hero's journey homeward and enforcing the divine order.

Key Relationships

Father of Athene

Brother of Poseidon

Commander of Hermes

Eupeithes is an Ithacan noble and the grieving father of one of the most aggressive suitors. He attempts to lead a final wave of violence against the royal family.

Key Relationships

Father of Antinous

Enemy of Odysseus

Agamemnon is a deceased Greek king who led the forces at Troy. He speaks with his former comrades in the afterlife, representing the varied and often tragic fates of the war's heroes.

Key Relationships

Former comrade of Odysseus

Achilles is a famously powerful Greek hero who fought at Troy. He appears in the underworld to converse with surviving travelers from the war.

Key Relationships

Former comrade of Odysseus