This Is Just to Say

William Carlos Williams

18 pages 36-minute read

William Carlos Williams

This Is Just to Say

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1934

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Literary Devices

Form

The form is so accessible, so casual, so unintimidating, so inviting that it hardly seems poem-like. The poem, as a formal thing, takes up so little space on the page, the lines brief and chiseled, and the alternating lengths of each line creating a feeling of formal carelessness and spontaneity, appropriate for a poem about the speaker happening upon the fruit in the icebox.


Formally, the poem is 28 words set in three quatrains, or clusters of four lines, which alternate between two and three words. Read aloud, the poem reveals itself less like a poem and more like a hastily dashed note left in the kitchen. The poem offers no end-line punctuation. Once the poem is started (and the title can be read as a kind of pre-first line as it goes easily and cleanly into the opening line confession), it moves easily. The poem resists closure even in the last line—no period to close out the sentence. It might be argued that the lack of any end-line punctuation can encourage the careless recitation, the reader moving breathlessly and too eagerly through the clipped lines. The poem hangs luscious long vowels and succulent consonants at the end of lines to encourage the recitation to linger over those words. Thus, the poem encourages rushed recitation while demanding a slower, more leisurely pace, the form recreating the basic situation itself: a doctor rushing out the door to make his appointments and deciding to linger over the plums.

Meter

To say that “This Is Just to Say” captures the unpatterned irregularities of conversational speech is to gloss over Williams’s achievement. In discipling a poem to approximate casual discourse, Williams forfeits many of the ornamental effects that create a poem’s conventional percussive feel: beat, regular units of stressed and unstressed clusters; end rhyme; tidy spacing; sight rhyme; even punctuation. The lines vary in their syllable count, really lack any kind of rhythmic feel. Conversational speech has rhythm, of course, but it is not like the carefully programmed anticipated rhythms of the late-19th-century poetry Williams, and his fellow Modernists, grew up reading and then summarily dismissed as intrusive and obvious.


Conversational meter recognizes that speaking in a monotone or speaking too rushed or speaking in regular patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables would create an annoying singsong feel to speech. Here Williams uses free verse, although as he so carefully would explain, “free” sounded careless and slapdash-y and sloppy. He much preferred the term variable foot, a foot being the standard unit of metrical patterning in a poem. Using that mixed metric, Williams recreated meter using drawn out vowels (long o’s, long e’s, hanging y’s, hissing s’s) to create a heard rather than anticipated metrical patterning.

Voice

Voice defines who actually speaks a poem and to the interplay of characters within the text. Here, that voice is never actually defined, absent Williams’s own copious extra-textual documentation of the poem’s genesis. Nevertheless, the voice, at once intimate and impersonal, shares the experience of regret with the reader. Strictly speaking, there is no voice in the poem as the slender narrative frame would suggest we are reading a note—no one is actually speaking to anyone, no one is heard. The premise suggests a person standing alone in a kitchen reading silently to themselves. In this, because the poem offers no narrative, no backstory, the poem catapults the reader of the poem into the role of the reader of the note. Although the reader of the poem had no expectation of having plums for breakfast, the voice implicitly demands we feel the loss of those plums. The voice, with its direct address and its decidedly unpoetic language, curses/blesses the reader with the sense of regret over something the reader never wanted. Cursed because the reader feels a loss as we never get to enjoy the fruit; blessed in that the experience of the poem encourages the reader not to be so cavalier in indulging pleasures, not to put off the enjoyment of such delights, large in their very smallness, lasting in their very transience, powerful in their very triviality.

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