Vladimir is the more mature and rational of the two men waiting beside a bare tree on a country road. He possesses a keen memory and a desire to analyze their metaphysical circumstances. Demonstrating moments of moral outrage, he questions the mistreatment of others but ultimately hesitates to act on these feelings. He acts as the driving force keeping the pair tethered to their assigned task of waiting.

Estragon is an impulsive, emotion-driven man who waits alongside his friend Vladimir. He struggles with short-term memory, frequently forgetting recent events and the original purpose of their wait. Driven by physical discomforts like aching feet and constant hunger, he relies heavily on Vladimir for basic tasks and direction. Despite his simplicity, he instinctively grasps the dread of their situation and frequently expresses a desire to leave.

Pozzo is a boastful and self-indulgent master who interrupts the quiet wait of Vladimir and Estragon. He travels with a lavish picnic and demands attention, projecting an aura of immense authority over his surroundings. Despite his bluster and attempts to appear civilized, he inflicts severe physical and emotional abuse on his servant.

Lucky is an enslaved man bound entirely to the whims of his master, Pozzo. He remains mostly mute, obediently carrying heavy bags, a picnic basket, and a stool without putting them down even when resting. Despite enduring constant physical and verbal abuse, he exhibits a strange dedication to his master, acting only when explicitly commanded.

The Boy acts as a messenger for the mysterious Mr. Godot. He is timid and evasive, offering brief, noncommittal answers to the questions directed at him. He sleeps in a loft, minds the goats, and reports back to his unseen employer regarding the men waiting by the tree.

Godot is an unseen, mysterious figure who has allegedly agreed to meet with Vladimir and Estragon. He defines the existence of the waiting men through his perpetual absence. Though he never appears, his anticipated arrival dictates the actions, immobility, and fading hopes of those expecting him.