A Place of Greater Safety

Hilary Mantel

71 pages 2-hour read

Hilary Mantel

A Place of Greater Safety

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1992

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Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of graphic violence, substance use, sexual content, illness, and death.

Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary: “Virgins (1789)”

D’Anton is now the Captain of the Cordeliers Battalion of the citizens’ militia. In the early hours of July 13, he arrests a Monsieur Soulès, whom the Marquis de Lafayette has appointed the governor pro tem of the Bastille. D’Anton takes Soulès to the City Hall, where Lafayette vouches for the man and releases him. When he returns home, d’Anton explains to Gabrielle he did it to provoke Lafayette and challenge the general’s authority.


On July 17, the newly appointed mayor of Paris, Bailly, meets with the King. He announces that the King has been reconquered by the people.


Camille is barred from the Duplessis house by Claude Duplessis over his participation in July 14, but Lucile is more attracted to him than ever. There are a series of lynchings of noblemen and people who speculated on grain prices in Paris. People are hung from the iron gibbet on the Place de Grève, known colloquially as the Lanterne.


On August 4, the feudal system is officially abolished by the National Assembly. Noblemen give up their titles and, in some cases, their lands. Dr. Marat is unsatisfied with this progress. He feels it does not go far enough. He argues that Camille needs to embrace more violence to accomplish revolutionary goals, stating, “The longer the delay, the more we will have to decapitate” (248).


There is a military parade led by Lafayette accompanied by d’Anton. A few of the Cordeliers cheer for d’Anton. The night before, at a meeting in Versailles, Mirabeau had told Robespierre, the bachelor, that “there’s not much difference between politics and sex; it’s all about power” (252). Mirabeau had then left the meeting with Camille and a few others, leaving Robespierre on his own. At Mirabeau’s house, they discuss how the British crown supports the Duke of Orléans’s bid for the throne. A man named Brissot, a police informant, is a supporter of the plot to dethrone Louis XVI in favor of his cousin, the Duke.


D’Anton restyles his name as Danton, which is seen as more republican.


Camille writes a pamphlet under the penname “the Lanterne.” Lafayette and Bailly find the pamphlet treasonous, but they dare not arrest Camille because he has the support of the Cordeliers. Gabrielle reads part of the pamphlet, and then sets it aside. She does not want to know Camille’s opinions. She does not get involved in politics; she sees it as her duty to be a doting wife and mother. She is pregnant again. Camille is invited to fashionable parties where he is introduced as “the Lanterne Attorney.”


On October 3, there is a lavish feast at Versailles while the people starve in Paris. Danton gives a speech whipping the crowd into a fury. Two days later, a mob attacks City Hall. Danton refuses to go into the streets, claiming he has to stay at work. The mob makes its way to the royal palace in Versailles. Lafayette musters the National Guard to protect the royal family. The general prevents a massacre of the royal family, but the king is forced to go to Paris.


The Assembly moves from Versailles to Paris. It takes up space at a former indoor riding school, earning it the nickname “the Riding-School.”


In December, Claude Duplessis allows Camille to see Lucile again. Annette throws a party. Danton and Robespierre attend. Camille tells the group that Mirabeau is financing a newspaper he will write with Brissot, Fréron, and Marat called Révolutions de France. Adèle Duplessis flirts with Robespierre. Fréron attempts to flirt with Lucile, but she only has eyes for Camille, who is ensconced with her mother, Annette. She admits to herself that Danton is sexually appealing.


One day, Anne Théroigne, an eccentric former actress / sex-worker, comes to the newspaper office, armed with a pistol. Brissot and Camille are there. She says she wants to write for the paper, but Camille turns her down. Brissot seems smitten with her.


Lafayette wants the Duke of Orléans to leave France as punishment for his role in “the October riots” (277). Mirabeau resists this plan, but eventually Orléans leaves for London.


In December, Danton pays off his debts. It is not clear where he obtained the funds.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Summary: “Liberty, Gaiety, Royal Democracy (1790)”

The chapter opens with a quote from Félicité de Genlis commenting that, “a pretty, intelligent woman who has original ideas should have a life full of extraordinary events” (280). It continues with a first-person account from the perspective of Gabrielle Danton.


In January, Danton is elected to the local government, the Commune. Marat is arrested for sedition and held on house arrest. Marat proclaims he wants the country to be run by Danton and Robespierre. Danton challenges the Assembly’s authority and uses his Cordeliers troops to facilitate Marat’s escape.


May 1790, Gabrielle gives birth to a son, Antoine. Danton’s mother, Madame Recordain, arrives from Arcis to “help,” but she only criticizes everything. During the following months, Danton is consumed with Commune work. Gabrielle wonders how he is earning a living. Danton establishes the Cordeliers Club, a more democratic form of the Jacobin Club. On the wall of the club is their slogan: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. Gabrielle is a royalist and a devout Catholic. She is troubled by her husband’s republican politics.


In July, there is a rally in Paris to celebrate the fall of the Bastille. Danton refuses to attend because “he couldn’t stand to see the people kiss Lafayette’s boots” (289). That day, Lucile comes over to complain she and Camille are not yet married. Camille moves to an apartment around the corner from the Danton family. One day, a playwright called Collot comes to dinner. Gabrielle comments that she does not like the man, and Danton dismisses her opinion as “a typical feminine remark” (292). Later, when Camille voices the same opinion about Collot, Danton “meekly” agrees with him.


The chapter continues with entries from Lucile’s personal journal written in the first person. She is concerned about the hatred and violence Camille faces. She believes that her sister, Adèle, and Robespierre will soon be married. She wonders how Adèle will handle the death threats Robespierre receives.


The chapter continues in limited third person from Robespierre’s perspective. He is suffering from shortness of breath and declining eyesight. It makes it hard for him to read The Social Contract by Rousseau, which he always keeps with him.


Camille begins to write invectives against Mirabeau, who wants a constitutional monarchy, not a republic. He becomes closer to Robespierre. Louis Suleau, who had attended school with Camille and Robespierre, returns to Paris and writes for “a royalist scandal-sheet” (299). He tells Camille that his motto is “Liberty, Gaiety, Royal Democracy” (299). Antoine Saint-Just, Camille’s cousin, also returns to Paris. He is more zealous about republicanism than Camille and they argue.


The Assembly announces that members of the clergy must swear an oath to be loyal to the new constitution. Many refuse. Danton tells Lucile that the philosophy of the revolution is to “grab what you can” (303).


In December, Claude consents to let Lucile marry Camille. Camille meets with a priest at Saint-Suplice before the wedding. Camille refuses to declare he is a believer, and the priest refuses to officiate. Robespierre suggests Father Bérardier, who worked at Collège Louis-le-Grand, although he is an unsworn priest. Camille tells Bérardier he will publish a profession of faith in his newspaper in exchange for Bérardier officiating the wedding. Lucile and Camille move in around the corner from the Danton’s apartment.

Part 3, Chapter 3 Summary: “Lady’s Pleasure (1791)”

In 1791, the Queen’s brother attempts to garner support for an invasion of France to put an end to the revolution, but the other European powers largely refuse to intervene. The royal family is stripped of their titles by the Assembly. King Louis XVI becomes Louis Capet. Camille and Lucile settle into their new apartment. Robespierre comes over and tells Camille he needs a speech written for that afternoon. Lucile tells Robespierre he is being bossy, and Robespierre is “defensive, distressed.”


Mirabeau meets with Danton and attempts to pin down his political beliefs. Danton is evasive. Mirabeau says Danton will be made a city administrator, but Mirabeau wants him to be moderate. Danton agrees.


Professional mistress Caroline Rémy goes to Camille and Lucile’s apartment. After she leaves, Lucile asks Camille if he has had sex with her. He replies that he probably has. Lucile begins to grow annoyed, so to distract her, Camille takes her to the theater for the evening.


Madame Roland, the wife of a civil servant, goes to the National Assembly to observe the negotiations. She tells Brissot she is shocked at how disorderly the proceedings are. She manages much of her husband’s governmental work as his de facto secretary. She announces she is starting a salon.


Danton meets with Mirabeau in March. Mirabeau reports that his health is failing. He dies March 27. Camille is devastated; they had grown close and Mirabeau provided financial support for his newspaper. He goes to Robespierre for comfort. Robespierre tells Camille he will not marry Adèle because “[he] might have to make sacrifices for the sake of the Revolution,” including “die” (338) and he does not want to burden Adèle with this.


On June 10, 1791, Robespierre is elected Public Prosecutor.

Part 3, Chapter 4 Summary: “More Acts of the Apostles (1791)”

To avoid controversy over his choice of a “refractory,” or unsworn, priest for Easter Sunday, the King decides to do a private ceremony at the smaller chateau in Saint-Cloud, to the west of Paris. Lafayette wants to protect the royal family’s travel from the Tuileries to Saint-Cloud. Danton refuses to permit it. Lafayette attempts to resign, but Danton forbids it. The royal family is prevented by a mob from leaving the Tuileries Palace, signaling that they are effectively captives.


In June, the royal family flees Paris. Danton blames Lafayette for letting them escape the palace. Danton gives a speech at the Cordeliers club calling for the formation of a republic and the abolition of the monarchy. The Duke of Orléans wishes to take advantage of the chaos to usurp the throne, but he is dissuaded by his mistress. Laclos proposes a coup attempt to Danton and Camille. He suggests the people sign a petition calling for the downfall of the king. They will then deliver it to the Assembly, by force if necessary. They should act on July 17, during the celebrations for the anniversary of the taking of the Bastille.


The royal family is captured and returned to Paris. Louise Robert’s husband, François Robert, is arrested for assisting in their escape.


Danton and Camille plan their assault on the Assembly to force the king’s deposition. The Jacobins and Robespierre refuse to support the extralegal action. Lafayette’s soldiers, the National Guard, will fight against the people’s militias. The evening before the coup, Gabrielle waits anxiously for her husband to come to bed. She is pregnant again. Camille arranges François Robert’s release from prison in exchange for Robert taking the petition for the deposition of the king to the Assembly. He reluctantly agrees.


On July 17, Gabrielle begs Danton to call off the petition, but he refuses. Tensions are high in the city. During the Bastille celebrations, a shot is fired on the Champs-de-Mars. The National Guard panics and 50 people are killed. Danton and Camille flee to Gabrielle’s parents’ house in Fontenay-sous-Bois. Gabrielle is hysterical with panic. Camille returns to Paris to address the Jacobins, which have splintered between right- and left-wing factions over this coup, and to find Robespierre. Privately, Danton and Camille discuss fleeing to England, but Camille refuses to leave the country.


Meanwhile, Robespierre is almost captured by the National Guard when he is saved by a carpenter named Duplay. Duplay shelters Robespierre in his house. Danton and Gabrielle flee to Arcis and then to England. Camille flees to Versailles.


The next day, the National Guard go to Gabrielle’s parents’ house in Fontenay-sous-Bois to arrest Danton. They kill Gabrielle’s brother, Victor, having mistaken him for Danton.

Part 3 Analysis

In Part 3, the events of the French Revolution escalate, leading to the abolition of the monarchy and the Ancien Regime. It covers the events from the fall of the Bastille to the Champs-de-Mars Massacre on July 17, 1791. As the violence escalates, life becomes increasingly dangerous for the everyday people and the revolutionary leadership. This rising tension and danger is prefigured by the epigraph of Part 3 which is a quote from the essay “The Theory of Ambition” by Hérault de Séchelles about his desire to “live quickly.” This quote, from a real essay written by the revolutionary leader, eerily foreshadows his death in 1794 at the end of A Place of Greater Safety.


In this part, the factional aspect of The Dangerous Normalization of Revolutionary Violence comes to the fore. General Lafayette is a moderate. While he is a republican, he abhors mob violence and hopes to shield the royals from violence as commander of the Parisian National Guard. His moderate stance pits him against more radical revolutionaries like Danton, Camille, and Marat. These tensions are in part what lead to the violence on July 17, 1791. Danton and his allies deliberately hope to provoke the National Guard into attacking civilians so as to set off mob violence against the royal family. This provocation was foreshadowed in the narrative in Part 2, when Danton arrested a man he knew Lafayette had appointed to force Lafayette to assert his own power against Danton. To Danton and the other radicals, the loss of life is necessary in order to accomplish their ideal goals.


Mantel also focuses on how the revolutionary leadership use Rhetoric and Persuasion as Instruments of Power to channel the anger and violence of the mob. On Bastille Day, Camille’s speech whips the crowd into a frenzy. On October 3, 1789, it is Danton who takes on this role. He is “roaring at his District Assembly, his doubled fist pounding the table” (262). In a fiery speech he vows to “save Paris from the royal threat” (262) by dragging the king from Versailles to Paris. This language encourages the mob to do just that. As with Camille’s speech, Danton’s speech raises his own political stature while having a direct impact on the course of events, revealing the rising power of revolutionary rhetoric as the general public becomes more receptive to radical ideas and exhortations to violence.


However, Danton himself does not take part in the March to Versailles. He begs off, claiming he has to work on an “important shipping case” (263). This illustrates a key aspect of Danton’s personality: He is enthusiastic about urging others to action, but when it comes to participating himself in the violence, he makes himself scarce, suggesting a fatal flaw in his leadership abilities. His passion for indulging his impulses while neglecting his responsibilities is echoed in his private life as he neglects his dutiful, pregnant wife Gabrielle in favor of a series of mistresses, with their marital tensions invoking The Strains of Political Ambitions on Relationships.

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