71 pages • 2-hour read
Hilary MantelA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of graphic violence, sexual content, illness, and death.
In A Place of Greater Safety, the personal is political; political life bleeds into the personal lives of the characters. Friendships, affairs, marriages, and family ties are all impacted by the political ambitions of the characters. The primary example of this dynamic in the text is in the fracturing of the friendships between Camille and Danton and Camille and Robespierre. These tensions are also represented in miniature in the turbulence in the family dynamics of the Dantons and the Desmoulins-Duplessis households, reflecting the strains of political ambitions on relationships.
In the beginning of the novel, despite their distinct personalities, Danton, Camille, and Robespierre are united in their desire to overthrow the monarchy in favor of a republic. They broadly share a vision of how this is to be accomplished. However, as the revolution goes on, fractures in their objectives and ideals creates factures in their friendship. For instance, Robespierre begins to side with Saint-Just, who shares Robespierre’s strident ideals, over Camille. This begins innocently enough, when Camille critiques Saint-Just’s poem and Robespierre chides him for being “a little severe” (301). Over time, however, Robespierre begins to doubt Camille’s commitment to the revolution, seeing him as a “frivolous” man who “thinks he’s an exception to every rule” (668).
Similarly, initially Danton and Camille bond quickly over their libertine sexual escapades and desire to upend the Ancien Regime. However, Camille begins to suspect that Danton’s republican ideals are not as strong as they should be. He feels that Danton is only seeking power for his own monetary gain. Danton begins to catch wind of Camille’s doubts, thinking, “How to ask someone if his best friend has reneged on him?” (831). Despite their close relationships, the desire to protect the revolutionary government—and their own power—results in conflict. These relationships are eventually fractured irrecoverably when Robespierre betrays Camille and Danton in literally signing their death sentences.
Their pursuit of power and the formation of the republic puts a strain on the characters’ domestic lives as well. Gabrielle, Danton’s wife, does not agree with his political views. She is a devout Catholic and a monarchist. Nevertheless, she is dragged into revolutionary activity through her husband. She is constantly sick with worry that some violence will come upon her husband. This feeling is most acute on days of mass violence, such as during the July 17, 1791 Champs-de-Mars massacre. Lucile, Camille’s wife, suffers similarly, although she eventually largely reconciles herself to the threats against her husband’s life. Robespierre is particularly conscious of the mortal peril his revolutionary ambitions entail: He recognizes that he might be killed for his views and, as a result, decides to forego marriage. This creates tension as he is pursued by many women, most notably Eléonore, who are hurt when he rejects their attention.
In the novel, revolution is portrayed as a messy, difficult, stressful project which demands full attention of its leaders. It is not only the protagonists who suffer the consequences of their ambitions, but their family and loved ones as well.
As A Place of Greater Safety emphasizes, the French Revolution does not begin with the execution of thousands of people with the infamous killing machine, the guillotine. Rather, the violence gradually escalates as factional disputes and retaliatory violence become the order of the day. The novel explores how the protagonists, Robespierre, Danton, and Camille, become increasingly implicated in the dangerous normalization of revolutionary violence.
Before the Revolution and in the early days of the political crisis, all three protagonists are depicted as wary of violence, and sometimes even capable of compassion. When a protest in 1787 outside the Law Courts results in “fatalities: one, perhaps two” (121), Camille is shaken by what he has seen, not thrilled by it. Similarly, Robespierre is at first depicted as personally appalled by violence: He feels sick when he has to sentence a man to death while serving as a judge, feeling that a death sentence is a tragic and weighty thing. Danton is, at several junctures, hesitant to call for the prosecution or punishment of those whom others deem suspect or counter-revolutionary in the early days of the revolution, still clinging to a semblance of due process.
After ascending to power, however, the trio increasingly resorts to extreme violence to cut down rival factions, justifying more and more extreme measures in the name of the revolution. Thousands of prisoners are executed in cold blood, starting with the infamous September Massacres. As Camille tells Saint-Just, “I said, right, let’s have some violence, it’s our turn” (559). Robespierre rapidly becomes accustomed to violence and death sentences, eager to lash out at anyone he deems a threat to what he considers the good of the republic. Lafayette, a dedicated republican, deplores their bloodlust, commenting that although the trio have “never been to war […] they’re such enthusiasts for murder” (259, emphasis added). Power is then concentrated in the Committee of Public Safety and the Revolutionary Tribune, which do away with traditional due process, instead unleashing an indiscriminate bloodbath that leads to the arrests and executions even of dedicated revolutionaries.
Finally, as in the famous phrase attributed to Vergniaud, “The Revolution, like Saturn is devouring its own children” (731), Danton and Camille find themselves in the grip of the revolutionary Terror they helped to foster and unleash. They are executed after a show trial. While not depicted in the novel, Robespierre would soon suffer the same fate. The fate of the protagonists thus suggests that normalizing violence is a dangerous thing—not just for declared enemies of the state, but for the revolutionaries themselves.
Mantel’s account of the French Revolution does not focus on the martial elements of the conflict, such as the battles against Austrian counter-revolutionaries or events that took place outside of Paris. Instead, she focuses on a more abstract form of power, that of the ability of lawyers including Robespierre, Danton, and Camille to use their writing and oratory to sway public opinion and promote revolutionary ideals. Through the men’s machinations, the novel explores rhetoric and persuasion as instruments of power.
In A Place of Greater Safety, the largest mass uprisings against the monarchy in favor of a republic are spurred by uplifting speeches. On July 14, 1789, Camille gives a stirring speech to the crowd at the Palais-Royale. The exact words of the speech are not reproduced in the text, but the emotional impact is dramatically illustrated: Camille “lean[s] out towards the mob, one hand extended, palm upwards, charming it and coaxing it and drawing it on” (223). Encouraged by his rhetoric, the mob then sweeps him along to storm Invalides and the Bastille. A similar dynamic is seen on October 3, when Danton uses his bellowing voice to decry the excess of the court at Versailles while the people starve. This revolutionary fervor leads the people to storm the palace and force the king into captivity only two days later. Camille and Danton’s ability to command an audience is what helps promote these relatively obscure lawyers to the forefront of revolutionary leadership.
Pamphlets, newspapers, and essays are also critical in shaping public opinion at this time. Camille and Robespierre prove themselves particularly gifted at writing polemics to promote their republican ideals and target their enemies. It is indicative of the critical role these pamphlets play that when Camille finally breaks with Robespierre over his use of revolutionary violence, he does not do so in a private argument but rather in a public pamphlet which compares his regime to that of the corrupt Roman emperor Tiberius. Periodically, Mantel provides historically accurate quotes of their writing to emphasize the importance of these missives, such as when she quotes from Robespierre’s essay “On Political Morality” (1794) in the context of an ongoing fictionalized debate he has with Camille about virtue and political office.
Despite the soaring rhetoric of these works which inspire the public, Mantel emphasizes that the specific claims made are often fabricated, spurious, or outright lies. For instance, she quotes at length Camille’s pamphlet “A Secret History of the Revolution” which claims, without evidence, that Brissot is conspiring “against the French Republic” (638). This illustrates a driving dynamic of the Revolution: Namely, how false claims about political opponents coupled with bombast are used to turn public opinion away from more moderate political goals, represented by the Brissotins or Girondins, toward the more extreme stances of Camille, Robespierre, and Saint-Just, turning rhetoric into a weapon of power instead of a vehicle for truth.



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