59 pages 1 hour read

Inside Out And Back Again

Fiction | Novel/Book in Verse | Middle Grade | Published in 2011

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Part 3, “October”-“December”Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “Alabama”

“October” Summary

The cowboy brings food treats like chips and chocolate bars. Mother throws away the extra candy bars but Hà rescues them for her next day’s lunch. When Miss Washington asks about her lunch the following afternoon, Hà replies, “I eat candy in toilet” (180). Once Hà explains her troubles at school, Miss Washington intercedes. She sends a packed lunch and arranges permission for Hà to eat in the classroom. Two kind children, Pam and Steven, befriend Hà. Hà calls that day “Most Relieved Day” in her journal. When Pink Boy cannot solve a two-digit multiplication problem at the board, Hà solves it beside him quickly. She enjoys feeling smart again, but Pink Boy is clearly embarrassed and furious. Hà knows he will seek revenge.


Girls in the class try braiding Hà’s hair and loan her their barrettes. Brother Vũ continues to teach Hà defense lessons, and now neighbors join them for the lessons on the front lawn. Miss Scott teaches the class about the Vietnam conflict, but Hà wishes she would include good and beautiful scenes in addition to the war photographs. On Halloween, Hà has no costume, and Pink Boy insults her by saying she “She should be a pancake. / She has a pancake face” (196). Hà tearfully explains this to Mother, who encourages Hà to chant until she calms.

“November” Summary

Hà learns that Miss Washington’s son Tom died fighting in Vietnam. She worries that Miss Washington harbors ill will toward her, but Miss Washington reassures Hà with a hug. Hà tells Miss Washington about Pink Boy’s “pancake face” insult. Miss Washington shows Hà a book of photographs Tom sent of lovely images of Vietnam. Hà sees a papaya tree, and Miss Washington learns that papaya is Hà’s favorite food. Hà learns that Vietnamese for papaya, đu đủ, sounds like the American slang doo doo, which makes them both laugh.


Miss Washington tells the cowboy about Pink Boy’s insult, and Hà goes to school with Miss Washington, the cowboy, Brother Quang, and Mother. In a meeting with the principal and Pink Boy’s mother, Pink Boy apologizes to Hà. She can tell, however, that it only makes him angrier. In class, after Hà says she recognizes Buddha in one of Miss Scott’s pictures of Vietnam, Pink Boy and others harass Hà, chasing her after school and shouting “Boo-Da” at her. She escapes them and runs to the rental house, but yells into the ground in her front yard, “I hate everyone!” (209). Miss Washington brings Hà into her home and calms her.


Hà confesses to Mother that she thinks these bad things are happening as a result of her own behaviors: Hà sneaked money for treats at the market back home, she pinched her seatmate Tram; she touched her toe to the floor on Tết though she knew that role should be reserved for a male. She tells Mother she wants to hit those at school who torture her. Mother counsels that fighting might be necessary, but “preferably not with your fists” (216). Hà sees Mother’s point when, in the grocery store, the butcher refuses to grind their pork for their Thanksgiving egg rolls. Mother insists in a determined flow of Vietnamese, punctuated by one American “NOW.” The butcher listens.

“December” Summary

This time when Pink Boy and his friends chase Hà yelling “Boo-da,” she turns and shout “Gee-sus!” back at them. Pink Boy’s face goes so red that he reminds Hà of a papaya; she calls him “Ðu Ðủ Face”—which his friends hear as Doo-doo Face, making them roar with laughter. Hà soon hears a rumor that Pink Boy plans to have his much larger sixth grade cousin beat Hà up on Monday. Khôi plans with Hà how to avoid the fight: Pam and Hà will trade hooded coats and Pam will act as a decoy walking Hà’s usual path while Hà escapes from a new meeting place on Khôi’s bicycle.


Khôi does not arrive on time, however, and Pink Boy finds Hà. The boy intends to fight Hà himself. She readies herself in dúng tân position, quietly watching. When Pink Boy hurls forward, fist pulled back to throw, Hà moves to the side. Pink Boy’s own momentum hurls him into the sidewalk. Hà considers kicking him, but Brother Vũ arrives on his motorcycle. Brother Khôi arrives bearing his bike with a flat tire. Both Hà and Khôi climb on the motorcycle to go home. Hà’s schooldays change after that; she, Pam, and Steven receive invitations to seats in the cafeteria and get-togethers, and Pink Boy stays away from her.


On December 20th, the cowboy and Miss Washington bring gifts to the family. Brother Quang gets college money and a textbook, Brother Vũ gets beef jerky, Mother gets a real gong and incense, Brother Khôi gets a hamster. Hà gets a coat and dried papaya. At first the dried papaya is disappointing, and Hà throws it away. Mother reprimands her. Guilt sets in overnight and Hà goes to the trash can, but Mother has already placed the dried papaya to soak in hot water. Without its sticky, sugary coating and much plumper and softer, Hà thinks it is “Not the same, / but not bad / at all” (234).

Part 3, “October”-“December” Analysis

Hà’s characterization continues to develop in the second half of Part 3. As the plot approaches the climactic scene between Hà and Pink Boy, Hà realizes that she is not helpless and can overcome challenges with the help of friends and family.


The first helper is Miss Washington. When Hà shares that she eats lunch in the bathroom, she does not reject the help Miss Washington offers: a decent lunch and intervention at school. Hà quickly sees the good repercussions in accepting Miss Washington’s help: It allows her to meet more helpers, Pam and Steven. After Pink Boy calls Hà Pancake Face, she sees the concern of family helpers when Mother and Brother Quang support her in the principal’s meeting. Continued help from Brother Khôi—bike rides to and from school—and Brother Vũ—martial arts defense lessons—give Hà increasing confidence. Consistent tutoring from Miss Washington helps her start to overcome the language barrier. Girls in her class share their barrettes and braid her hair, allowing her to feel included.


Hà’s feistiness, which had been quelled by negativity and bullying throughout September, reemerges: She showcases her intelligence and capability next to Pink Boy’s inability in math, and she backtalks to his harassing comments, inadvertently insulting him. Finally, it’s the help of Brothers Quang, Vũ, and Khôi—whom, ironically, Hà thought teased her mercilessly in Part 1—that allow Hà to vanquish her nemesis.


With Pink Boy defeated, and lessons learned about accepting help and taking risks, Hà continues to mature. She sees that it is possible for others’ views of her to change, and accordingly, her view of others changes as well; for example, classmates invite Hà, Pam, and Steven to join them in the cafeteria, and the cousin to Pink Boy who supposedly agreed to beat Hà up instead enjoys a ride on Vũ Lee’s motorcycle. Most importantly as a coming-of-age symbol, Hà realizes her mistake in throwing away Miss Washington’s gift of papaya, and tries to rectify her mistake when guilt sets in.


Lai uses juxtaposition between both characters and events in the part of the book that includes October, November, and December. The characters of Mother and Miss Washington contrast in their reactions to Hà. When Hà tells Mother Pink Boy’s “pancake face” insult, Mother soothes her with quiet chanting, gentle strokes, and encouragement for Hà to chant herself. After the bullies tease Hà for recognizing Buddha, Miss Washington reacts to Hà’s emotional outburst in the front yard with strong hugs and laughter.


This three-month period is bookended with juxtaposed events that show Hà’s character development. October begins with Hà retrieving from the trash the chocolate bars that Mother discarded; Part 3 ends with Hà discovering that Mother retrieved from the trash the papaya that Hà discarded. Besides the contrasting food and roles, the juxtaposed events show how the chocolate represents the time at school when Hà trusts no one and hides in the bathroom at lunch to avoid hurt and exclusion. The papaya stands for tremendous forward progress in Hà’s ability to trust others and accept change.

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