53 pages 1-hour read

Lovecraft Country

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2016

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Chapters 4-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “Hippolyta Disturbs the Universe”

Hippolyta has always been interested in astronomy. During a research trip for The Safe Negro Travel Guide, she stares up at the stars and then reads through a comic written by her son, Horace. The Interplanetary Adventures of Orithyia Blue is a science fiction story about an African American woman who travels the galaxy. She also reads an astronomy book taken from the orrery room in Hiram Winthrop’s house. The book reveals the existence of a secret observatory in Wisconsin and Hippolyta is determined to investigate it. She promised Letitia that she would be careful.


Hippolyta’s father first kindled her interest in astronomy. As a child, she lacked the resources to achieve her lofty ambitions of discovering new planets. When a new planet was discovered in 1930, the young Hippolyta wrote to the astronomer to explain why his discovery should be named Pluto. The planet is named Pluto, but the credit is given to an English girl whose family was deeply connected to the astronomy community. Hippolyta is upset but she resolves to find another planet one day.


Hippolyta arrives at Winthrop’s observatory late one night. When she explores the building, she takes the astronomy book and a gun but leaves Horace’s comic “to mind the car” (157). She passes two sleeping guards in a shack and remembers her first visit to an observatory in 1938, by which time she had been forced to give up her dream and taken up tailoring instead. One evening, she had been running an errand in her uncle’s car when she happened across an observatory and could not resist looking inside. A “gangly white boy” (159) awkwardly welcomed her inside and happily showed her the telescope. She never saw him again and returned to life in her uncle’s tailoring shop. Years later, however, Hippolyta began using her research trips to visit observatories around the country.


Hippolyta enters Winthrop’s observatory using keys taken from Letitia’s house. She discovers that the interior of the building is unlike any observatory she knows. When she activates the machine, it projects unfamiliar constellations onto the ceiling. Hippolyta plays with the controls, entering co-ordinates taken from Winthrop’s notebook. Seeing a tropical beach, she steps through a portal to another planet.


Hippolyta explores the new world. She follows a stone ridge and passes through a gate toward a building. As she approaches, she realizes that the building is another observatory. She passes through more gates and is reminded of Horace’s comic books. When she is close to the building, Hippolyta is knocked out. She wakes up on a small cot in a lamplit room. Beside her, an elderly African American woman reads through Winthrop’s astronomy book with Hippolyta’s pistol in her hand. The woman aggressively questions Hippolyta, who tells her life story.


Eventually, the elderly woman introduces herself as Ida. Hippolyta listens to Ida explain that her former owner, Hiram Winthrop, built the house. Ida was one of several enslaved people deliberately stranded on the strange planet by Winthrop to punish them after his son Henry ran away with an enslaved woman named Pearl. Winthrop died before he could retrieve his son or the enslaved group. Ida believes that Samuel Braithwhite killed him. She shows Hippolyta where the other slaves are buried, having been killed by the various dangers of the planet such as monsters and storms. Ida has been alone for five years but has kept herself occupied by learning to use the observatory.


Ida offers to show Winthrop’s telescope to Hippolyta. Before they reach the observatory, the guards from Wisconsin come through the portal. The women watch as Scylla, one of the planet’s monsters, kills both men. Ida tells Hippolyta that she must leave. She hands back Hippolyta’s possessions but swaps the gun for a small metal box. Ida explains that the gift is to buy Hippolyta’s “silence” (178) as she does not want anyone to find her. Telling Hippolyta to open the gift once she is through the portal, Ida waves goodbye. Back on Earth, Hippolyta shuts down the observatory.


Hippolyta returns to her car but finds that a group of white men have arrived in a truck. They point guns at Hippolyta, who drops Ida’s gift on the ground. One man opens the metal box with a knife. Inside is a monster, which kills the men and allows Hippolyta to escape. Hippolyta knows that Ida wanted to ensure that no one ever returned to the planet. Hippolyta escapes in her car and, three days later, realizes that she left Horace’s comic book behind. 

Chapter 5 Summary: “Jekyll In Hyde Park”

Ruby struggles through Christmas. She is treated badly at her job by both her boss and the clients. She is falsely accused of stealing from a client’s home, so the police search her apartment. After spending Christmas night in a holding cell, she is released. Ruby is angry and embarrassed, even more so when she discovers that she has been fired. She demands her back pay from the two siblings who run the business: Leo reluctantly pays her some of the money she is owed in exchange for keeping quiet about his sister Kathy, whom Ruby believes stole from the client. Returning home, Ruby is sick of being mistreated due to her race.


Ruby searches for a job but finds nothing. She decides to attend Letitia’s New Year’s Eve party. While smoking a cigarette outside, Ruby meets Caleb Braithwhite. She does not know him, but she is attracted to him, so she accepts his invitation to go to a club in a different part of town. They spend the night dancing, talking, and drinking. They bond over their parents, and Ruby explains that her mother was a spiritualist who helped women talk to the dead. Ruby decided not to follow in her mother’s footsteps because she did not like to lie to people. Afterward, Caleb uses magic to stop two muggers and then drives Ruby home, trying to dismiss her questions. He offers her a job, one which involves secrecy. As payment, he will provide the opportunity to “choose your own destiny” (192).


The next morning, Ruby wakes up in the body of a beautiful white woman. After a brief panic, she dresses herself and leaves the unfamiliar house, hailing a cab in the street far quicker than usual. Ruby gives her new identity the name Hillary. When she spots her former boss, Ruby follows Kathy into a department store. Kathy argues with an employee about a cheating boyfriend. Ruby eavesdrops and then slips a scarf into Kathy’s pocket, framing her for theft. Kathy fights back against the policemen and Ruby is suddenly appalled at her own complicitly in the violence.


Distractedly, Ruby walks away and soon finds herself eating lunch with a young white policeman named Mike. She makes up an elaborate backstory for Hillary and is stunned that the policeman sits and listens to her. Afterwards, she walks alone through the city and is stunned by the myriad ways in which life is different for her as an attractive white woman, though she notes that some misogyny transcends race. Her adventures are interrupted when she notices blood on her finger. She violently transforms back into her old self, leaving behind a trail of blood. Ruby escapes, limping into the street and hailing a taxi.


Three days later, Ruby returns to Caleb’s house because she is unable to shake the experience as Hillary from her mind. Caleb admits that they did not meet by coincidence and offers her a supply of the magic potion as part of a job offer. Ruby listens as Caleb explains the history of the Order and his father’s involvement, as well as the events of the previous summer. Caleb orchestrated the inheritance which paid for Letitia’s purchase of the Winthrop House, a plot to uncover the secrets hidden inside. He wants Ruby to ask Letitia about anything strange found in the house, while also attending gatherings of the Order to convince the various different lodges to join together under Caleb’s leadership. Ruby accepts.


Ruby attends a party at a country club as Hillary. The guests are from lodges around the country, and Ruby tells herself that she is playing a character. She mingles and listens to the dull conversations about magic. Occasionally, the white guests mention other races with disgust. Together with an elderly woman from New York, Ruby examines the book stolen by Caleb from Winthrop’s museum. Captain Lancaster stands by the book and makes sure no one is allowed to touch it. Lancaster explains to the guests how Caleb has convinced him to join their lodges together. He calls on the other guests to do the same. Caleb delivers a speech of his own, in which he admits to sabotaging his father’s ritual and killing the entire Ardham lodge. He claims that the Order is stuck in the past and he wants to modernize it by acting more like scientists and less like alchemists. To elect a leader for his new vision for the Order, he proposes a competition to find the best practitioner of magic. The guests reluctantly accept.


After the party, Ruby goes back to Caleb’s house. The potion begins to wear off while they have sex, and she scratches his skin with her bloody nails. The next morning, she sees the scratch marks on his body, as well as tattooed letters written in the language of Adam. Caleb explains that the words are his mark of Cain and they protect him. Ruby believes that Lancaster sees Caleb as a rival. She warns Caleb, but he seems unconcerned. He asks her to pretend to be a maid in his house to help divert Lancaster’s attention. In return, he offers her the deeds to the house and an unlimited supply of the potion.


Ruby spends time at the Winthrop House and Caleb’s townhouse. The house is watched by Lancaster’s men, so she allows them to see both herself and Hillary entering and exiting. In doing so, she allows Caleb to escape Lancaster’s attentions. One day, Caleb convinces her to plant a magical charm in Lancaster’s office. The stress of the job takes a toll on Ruby, but Caleb richly rewards her with money and access to the potion. One day, however, she ventures into the basement and discovers the source of the potion: a white woman with red hair is kept in a glass coffin, unconscious as her blood is drained. Caleb appears and explains that the potion is made from the woman’s blood. The woman in the coffin is Dell, still in a coma after being knocked unconscious by Atticus back in Ardham. Caleb tries to justify the arrangement, but Ruby is horrified. Caleb tells her to take some time to think about their deal. 

Chapters 4-5 Analysis

The opening chapters of Lovecraft Country explore the horrors of race relations in 1950s America. However, Chapters 4-5 delve deeper into the social issues which affect the characters and show the more complicated, nuanced ways in which social prejudices shape the lives of people in the United States. As a young girl, Hippolyta wants to be an astronomer. She dreams of naming a new planet and, when a new planet is discovered, writes a letter outlining her ideas for a brand-new name. The planet is eventually named Pluto, justifying Hippolyta’s choice of name, but the credit is given to a young English girl who has close connections to many famous astronomers. Hippolyta’s disadvantage is not only that she is a young Black girl in a society which does not value her identity. At the same time, other young girls are able to access privileged social connections which far exceed Hippolyta’s limitations. The young English girl benefits from material wealth, nepotism, and access to resources. These factors are denied to Hippolyta, in part due to her race and in part due to her social class. The young Hippolyta discovers that race is not the only limiting factor in her success. She is also held back by being forced to compete against people who are better connected, richer, and better equipped than herself. Even though Hippolyta is correct in her choice for naming the planet, the scion of an astronomy dynasty delivers the exact same answer in a quicker manner, simply by knowing the right people. Hippolyta is as clever, as insightful, and as hard working as anyone else, but she discovers that she is held back by her race, her wealth, and her social class.


Ruby learns a similar lesson when she inhabits the body of Hillary. Caleb’s potion transforms Ruby into a white woman, allowing her to experience the world from the perspective of a member of a different race. From the very first moments as Hillary, Ruby experiences the benefits of being white in America. She is able to hail a taxi without any issue, she is treated to a meal by a policeman, and she can walk anywhere she pleases. Each time Ruby breaks another racial barrier, she makes a note to herself of what is permitted to what people and what is denied to African Americans.


However, life as a white woman also has drawbacks. Hillary is perceived as a sex object by the male characters. She is patronized constantly, and even white women like Kathy are not immune to police violence. Ruby learns that white women enjoy greater privileges than African American women, but the misogyny in the society complicates and colors the various prejudices. Ruby, as an African American woman, is able to free herself of some of the racial restrictions which society places upon her, but even Hillary is held back by the gendered way in which society is constructed. Not only do the characters have to deal with racism and dark magic, but the poor and female characters have their problems amplified by the litany of injustices visited upon them by the rich, white, male society in which they live. 

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