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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of mental illness, ableism, substance use, and child death.
The play frames Diana’s mental illness as an obstruction to what the family regards as “normalcy” or stability. The first time the play exposes Diana’s illness as she is preparing meals for the family, Dan’s immediate resolution is to take Diana to Doctor Fine, as though the incident is a sign that Diana’s illness has reached a threshold point that neither he nor Natalie are equipped to address. From that moment on, the play tracks Diana’s trials with several medication regimens, which end when Diana stops experiencing her emotions. Doctor Fine calls Diana “stable” at this point while Dan celebrates the absence of any emergency in their household as a sign that things are turning out better. However, the persisting tensions within the family unit reveal the illusion of family “normalcy.”
The juxtaposition of the family’s treatment of Diana before and after her medication trials suggests that Dan and Natalie aspire to a family life that doesn’t have to reckon with the reality of Diana’s illness. This aspiration is based on the presumption that every family is entitled to live a “normal” life, as Natalie wonders in “Just Another Day”: “So it’s times like these I wonder how I take it / And if other fam’lies live the way we do— / If they love each other, or if they just fake it / And if other daughters feel like I feel, too” (9). Natalie’s perception of her fraught family life clashes with Diana’s perception of her “perfect” family: “We’re the perfect loving fam’ly / If they say we’re not, then fuck ’em” (14). For Diana, “normalcy” is something they can achieve given the present circumstances of their family. For Natalie and Dan, it is the other way around: They need to address the issue of Diana’s mental illness before they can convince themselves that their family is “normal.”
Their motivation leads directly into their resolution at the end of Act I, which sees Diana undergoing a form of treatment that causes her to lose the memories that trigger her mental illness. Dan and Natalie’s differing responses to Diana’s memory loss challenge the condition of family “normalcy” in different ways. Whereas Natalie registers the upsetting quality of Diana’s side effects, Dan leverages her memory loss as an opportunity to steer Diana towards believing in his standard of “normalcy.” He tries helping her to remember the things he wants her to remember, like the early days of their relationship and Natalie’s early life, but avoids anything that evokes the trauma of losing Gabe. Throughout Act II, it becomes clear that Diana’s trauma goes deeper than her memories, and when she finally recalls Gabe, Dan’s first instinct is to resume her electroconvulsive treatment.
Diana resolves the tension created by her family’s aspiration to “normalcy” by allowing Dan and Natalie to pursue lives where they don’t have to feel burdened by the reality of her mental illness. After Diana tells Natalie that she needs to prioritize her happiness over Diana’s comfort, Natalie acknowledges that it is impossible to strive towards a “normal” life, but that she can also be happy with a life that approximates it: “But something . . . next to normal / Would be okay” (94). The lines that give the play its title signal the play’s assertion that while “normalcy” might be an artificial construct, each of the family members can strive towards making life feel as “normal” as it can be for each other.
Dan’s character arc is defined largely by his contrasting response to the trauma of Gabe’s death. Whereas Diana lives in constant acknowledgment of Gabe’s presence in her life, Dan spends much of the play actively repressing his memories of Gabe and refusing to process the grief he feels over losing him. This has a significant impact on the way he engages with Diana and why he chooses to prioritize her needs over his own, with his experience exposing the limits of emotional repression as the play progresses.
Dan sees emotional repression as something necessary to keep his family together. In “I’ve Been,” Dan admits to himself that he sees Diana’s constant presence as a form of emotional support: “And I’ve never had to face the world / without her at my side […] But I can’t / Give up now / ’Cause I’ve never been alone . . . / I could never be alone” (55). Without Diana, Dan would have to confront his emotions, which he does not feel he can survive. The survival impulse drives Dan to argue for methods of treatment that perpetuate Diana’s presence in his life without acknowledging their inability to address the root causes that trigger Diana’s mental illness. Diana is conscious of this tendency when she contrasts Dan against Doctor Fine, observing that she has shared so much of her interior life with her psychopharmacologist, but finds it difficult to experience emotional vulnerability with her husband. Moreover, Dan’s emotional repression affects Natalie as well, as he urges her to prioritize helping Diana over achieving personal comfort.
The loss of Diana’s memory in Act II mirrors the active effort of repression that Dan enacts in his life, which is why he uses her memory loss as an opportunity to rewrite the history of their relationship. By steering her memories around the existence of Gabe, Dan moves towards the potential of a family life that can live without having to acknowledge its trauma. This effort fails, however, because the pain of Diana’s trauma goes deeper than her memory, forcing her to spend part of the second Act trying to uncover the memories that cause her pain. When she does remember Gabe’s existence, she urges Dan to confront his trauma for the first time. Dan is so resistant to the idea that he shatters the music box that triggered Diana’s recollections, giving his emotional repression a concrete physical manifestation. His shattering of the music box underscores the limitations of his repression, opening him up towards seeking emotional vulnerability in Diana’s absence.
At the end of the play, he meekly accepts Doctor Madden’s invitation to speak to a mental health professional, signaling his readiness to open up about his past and seek solutions that don’t rely on Diana’s emotional repression—or his own. The play implies that, in choosing authenticity and vulnerability, Dan will finally get the chance to heal.
Natalie begins the play wrestling with the impact her family life has on her own life and well-being. In the song “Everything Else,” Natalie reflects on her strenuous lifestyle as the necessary cost for distancing herself from her family. She compares the combined strain of her schoolwork, her extracurriculars, and her family life to the effort it takes to perfect a technical piece of art, which she claims explains why musical geniuses like Mozart were “crazy.” She believes that if she can earn her way into Yale, she can validate the stress she’s experienced throughout high school as having been worthwhile. In her desperation to succeed, Natalie is also trying to distract herself from the difficulties of breaking the cycle of inherited trauma.
The play structurally represents the cycle of inherited trauma by using flashbacks to draw parallels between past and present. When Diana first learns of Natalie’s relationship with Henry, she recalls the moment that Dan asked her to marry him, registering the moments where Dan’s proposal aligns with Natalie and Henry’s flirtations. Later, in the song “A Promise,” Dan recalls the vow he made to support Diana, which aligns with the promise that Henry makes to stand by Natalie. Though Henry is optimistic about sharing a future with Natalie, the resonances between past and present insinuate the possibility that they may come to resemble Dan and Diana in their current resentful selves.
Henry’s first glimpse of Natalie’s inherited trauma comes after he learns about Natalie’s dead sibling and Natalie laments that she doesn’t matter as much as Gabe does to her parents in “Superboy and the Invisible Girl.” As the play goes on, Natalie cautions Henry that her self-destructive impulses, which appear when she starts using Diana’s unused medication and she sabotages her performance at the spring recital, may hurt both of them, prompting her reluctance to get back together with him after they have broken up: “You remind me of me . . . And how fucked-up I can be” (77).
Ultimately, the play offers Natalie a resolution by having Diana act before history can repeat itself. At the end of the play, after realizing that she needs to seek healing on her own terms, Diana urges Natalie to think of her own happiness for once, rather than prioritize her mother’s comfort and happiness. Diana acknowledges the similarities between them and expresses her hope for Natalie to be free from the cycle of inherited trauma, which becomes the crucial first step for Natalie to break it. When Natalie reunites with Henry and outright expresses her fears for their relationship, Henry reassures her with radical acceptance, indicating that he sees Natalie’s “crazy” as something “perfect.”



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