53 pages 1-hour read

Michael Morpurgo

Shadow

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2010

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Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and mental illness.

Chapter 1 Summary: “When the Stars Begin to Fall”

Matt, a 14-year-old from Manchester, England, visits his grandfather in Cambridge during his summer vacation. Grandpa usually visits Matt’s family, but this year, he wants to stay home to water his recently deceased wife’s cherry tree to protect it from the drought. On the first evening of his visit, Matt, Grandpa, and Grandpa’s spaniel, Dog, sit on the porch by the cherry tree, stargazing. Matt can sense how much Grandpa misses Grandma.


Matt tells Grandpa about his best friend, Aman Khan. Grandpa has met Aman, but he has a hard time remembering him. Matt and Aman share the same birthday, April 22. Aman came to the United Kingdom with his family as an asylum seeker six years ago. He learned English exceptionally fast and is an excellent soccer player. Matt says that Aman was the only friend he could talk to about Grandma’s death. Now, Aman and his family are locked up in Yarl’s Wood Immigration Removal Centre, awaiting deportation. Grandpa is shocked. Yarl’s Wood is nearby, but Matt says that they will not allow kids to visit.

Chapter 2 Summary: “And They Keep Kids in There?”

Matt asks Grandpa if Grandpa can visit Aman, but he is resistant to the idea. Matt knows how stubborn Grandpa can be, so he does not push it. Matt joins Grandpa on his habitual morning walk along the river with Dog. To Matt’s surprise, Grandpa broaches the topic of Yarl’s Wood. He says that Grandma used to visit the detention center to cheer up prisoners who did not receive visitors, though Grandpa never had the courage to join her. Matt tells Grandpa that Aman wrote him a letter describing the six locked gates and barbed wire separating him from the outside world. After hearing this, Grandpa makes up his mind to visit Aman.


Prior to retirement, Grandpa was a journalist. Thanks to his investigative skills, he quickly confirms that Aman and his family are still in Yarl’s Wood, and he secures permission to visit them on Wednesday. Grandpa is nervous on the way to the detention center, wishing that Matt could go with him. Matt reassures him that he will like Aman and that Aman will remember him. Passing the barbed wire, Grandpa is incredulous that they keep children in there.

Chapter 3 Summary: “We Want You Back”

Grandpa is nervous as he approaches the gates, but thinking of Matt gives him strength. As he enters Yarl’s Wood, Grandpa wonders what he can actually do to help Aman. He is greeted by stern security guards and the sound of children crying. In the bleak, supervised meeting room, he sees Aman and his mother. They do not smile when they see him. Aman’s mother looks withdrawn, and Aman is smaller than Grandpa remembers. He looks like he’s on the brink of despair. Grandpa reminds himself not to pity them: They are people, not just victims. As they speak, Aman has to translate for his mother. He only becomes animated when Grandpa mentions Matt. Grandpa is surprised when Aman suddenly brings up his mother’s frequent panic attacks and the medication that the immigration officials give her. Aman explains that she was once imprisoned in Afghanistan, where the police beat her. Sometimes, seeing the English police and immigration officials gives her a panic attack.


A guard suddenly appears with the Monopoly game that Matt sent Aman—the guards had confiscated it when Grandpa entered the facility. Aman brightens up: It is his favorite game, and he and Matt used to play it often. He laughs about the irony of the “Go to Jail” space. A guard tells Aman to quiet down, warning him that the visit will end if he doesn’t. Grandpa angrily asks if they are only allowed to cry and not allowed to laugh, and the guard scowls and leaves. This is a small victory, but Grandpa can tell that it means a lot to Aman, who gives him a thumbs up.

Chapter 4 Summary: “Shadow”

Amal wins the round of Monopoly that he and Grandpa play. Triumphantly, he tells Grandpa that he takes after his father, who was a farmer and a good businessman in their hometown of Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Then, Aman says that he is sad that he will likely not see Matt again. Grandpa knows this is true, but he tries to give Aman hope. Grandpa takes out a family photo to give Aman, which was Matt’s idea. The same guard who reprimanded Aman for laughing shouts at Grandpa when she sees him handing this over, but she relents when she sees that it is harmless. Grandpa wants to retort, but he knows it will not help Aman.


Seeing Dog in the photograph, Aman’s eyes fill with tears. He says, “Shadow,” and rushes from the room, followed closely by his mother, leaving Grandpa perplexed. Another guard comes over and confidentially tells Grandpa that Aman and his mother are temperamental. Grandpa bites back his anger for a second time.


Grandpa waits around for a while, hoping that Aman will come back. He does not understand Aman’s reaction to the photograph, but he feels like he betrayed Aman. Aman returns a short while later. He is quiet, but he shows Grandpa a printed picture of his soccer team. It shows his friends outside the barbed wire, who are holding up a banner reading, “WE WANT YOU BACK” (23).

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

The story of Shadow centers on Aman’s detention in Yarl’s Wood Immigration Centre and the sequence of events that lead to his eventual release. These events are set into motion by the lingering influence of Grandma, a character who is central to the first part of the novel even though she passed away three years ago. It is her cherry tree that becomes the reason for Grandpa to stay at home rather than visit Matt’s family in Manchester over the summer holidays like he usually does. For Grandpa, the tree is one of his last connections to Grandma since he planted it with her, Matt, and Matt’s parents. In addition, Grandma’s philanthropic hobby of visiting prisoners and detainees at Yarl’s Wood serves as an inspiration for Grandpa to do the same. Through her influence, Grandpa evolves from a reticent retiree into someone who takes personal risks to rescue a young boy he barely knows. Initially reluctant to visit Yarl’s Wood, Grandpa exhibits character growth through small, telling moments. For instance, he is surprised at the presence of children in the detention center and is indignant by the guards’ strictness. These reactions mark the beginning of his political reawakening, though he acts not out of ideology but compassion, suggesting that he is becoming more like Grandma.


The setting of Yarl’s Wood stands in stark contrast to the comfort and family atmosphere of Grandpa’s house. The first things that Grandpa notices are the locked barbed-wire gates, the “unsmiling security guard,” and “the sound of children crying” (17). Everything about the place seems designed to crush joy: Even the Monopoly game that Grandpa brought to cheer Aman up is temporarily confiscated by an irate guard. The institutional coldness has had a visible effect on Aman and his mother. Aman’s mother “s[its] there, shoulders slumped, stony-faced, sad and silent. She ha[s] deep, dark rings under her eyes, and seem[s] locked inside herself” (18). Aman is “even smaller than [Grandpa] remembered and pinched and thin like a whippet. His eyes [a]re pools of loneliness and despair” (18). These descriptions reveal the aftermath of prolonged exposure to trauma and displacement. Aman reveals that his mother has panic attacks, a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) linked to her horrific treatment in an Afghan jail. The prisonlike environment of Yarl’s Wood triggers these painful memories. Yet Aman and his mother continue to endure and hope, highlighting the theme of Perseverance in the Face of Hardship.


Grandpa attempts to establish a personal connection to Aman and his mother, humanizing them in a way that counters the impersonal environment of the detention center. He reminds himself not to pity them, saying, “They don’t want that, they don’t need that, and they’ll know it at once if you do. They’re not victims, they’re people” (18). Through conversation and small acts of kindness, he affirms their dignity and agency, enabling Aman to open up and tell Grandpa his life story. At first, Aman is only able to open up about his life in Manchester, outside the barbed wire. Matt is the only real point of connection between Grandpa and Aman. Grandpa reflects, “Aman only became animated at all, I noticed, when we talked about Matt […] Any question not about Matt, he’d just divert to his mother and translate her replies” (18). This shows how much Aman values his best friend. Matt represents a connection to Aman’s life outside the detention center and offers a sense of belonging despite Aman’s displacement. The boys’ soccer team is also an important motivator for Aman. The photograph that the team sends him of all of them holding a banner reading, “WE WANT YOU BACK” (23), demonstrates how much they value Aman as well. These gestures and connections highlight the theme of The Power of Friendship.

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