35 pages 1-hour read

Beverly Cleary

Socks

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1973

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Chapters 3-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 3 Summary: “Socks and the Formula”

Charles William’s presence completely changes Socks’s life—from not having laps to lie on to lights being on at odd hours. The only bright spot in Socks’s life is drinking leftover baby formula. Friends and family come to see the baby, most of whom completely ignore Socks. One day, Charles Williams’s aunt, uncle, and eight-year-old cousin visit and gift the baby a brown bear (later named Brown Bear). The visitors comment that Socks has gained weight, suggesting Bill and Marilyn should put him on a special diet. Meanwhile, the cousin makes cat and dog noises to mess with Socks. Between it all, the visit becomes too stressful for Socks. He flees to hide under the bed, thinking “things were sure to be better at suppertime” (58).


At dinnertime, Bill pours the leftover formula down the drain, and Marilyn feeds Socks half his usual meal, both telling the cat he needs to lose weight. Socks steals a hot dog from the frying pan and hides under the bed. Bill gives up trying to get the hot dog back, warning Socks he won’t get away with something like this again. Uncaring, Socks tears into the hotdog, thinking that “if his owners did not care enough about him to feed him properly, he would live by his wits” (62).

Chapter 4 Summary: “The Evening the Sitter Came”

Over the following weeks, Socks despairs as the Brickers keep feeding him less food and forcing him to exercise. Socks tries to steal food and beg from the neighbors, but he is unsuccessful at every turn. One night, the Brickers go out, leaving Socks and Charles William with a sitter, who takes an instant liking to Socks. After setting the baby in his playpen with a piece of tape on his toe to occupy his attention, the sitter brushes Socks’s fur, making him feel loved. When she heats the meat pie she brought for dinner, she gives Socks a tiny piece, even though the Brickers told her not to, but even so, “somehow Socks did not mind receiving only one small bite of meat” (79). Later, Socks curls up in the sitter’s lap. Feeling content and cared for, he drifts to sleep as she rubs his belly.

Chapter 5 Summary: “A Visit From Nana”

Bill’s mom comes to spend two weeks with the family. From the moment she arrives, she dislikes Socks and questions his place in the house. Socks similarly dislikes her, particularly when she criticizes everything he does and forces him to sleep in the laundry room, instead of on the couch. One night, Socks escapes the laundry room and finds Nana’s hair (which is a wig) sitting atop a desk in the living room. Socks grabs the hair and plays with it until he gets bored, and then he falls asleep in Nana’s open suitcase.


The next morning, Nana discovers what Socks did to her wig and fixes it as best she can, all the while grumbling at Socks. When Bill and Marilyn notice, they are horrified at Socks’s behavior and scold him. Socks greatly dislikes being treated poorly and ignored. He bites Marilyn’s leg to show his displeasure. Marilyn is stunned nearly to tears, and in a quivering voice, tells her husband to “get that cat out of here” (101).

Chapters 3-5 Analysis

Chapter 3 reveals how Charles William changes Socks’s life with the Brickers and highlights the struggles of Adapting to New Situations Through Acceptance, Not Resistance. In addition to how life within Socks’s home changes, the baby also brings visitors who add stress to Socks’s life in both direct (the cousin’s noises) and indirect (hints about Socks’s weight) ways. Moving forward, the mention of Socks’s weight becomes a new struggle as Socks is forced to contend with no more baby formula and less food at mealtime. Stealing the hot dog symbolizes how Socks will start taking matters into his paws. Similar to his overeating in earlier chapters, this is also an unhealthy coping mechanism, as well as an example of Socks acting out to get what he wants (attention and food).


In addition to acting out, these chapters also show Socks just being a cat, highlighting how humans negatively view his typical cat behavior. In particular, Socks’s encounter with Nana’s wig in Chapter 5 exemplifies his cat nature. While Socks dislikes Nana, he doesn’t want to cause her harm. He plays with her wig because it is fun to play with and because he has not had anyone or anything new to play with in a while. Nana’s response highlights how a lack of communication between Socks and humans creates tension. Nana doesn’t know that Socks only played with the wig because it was fun, and she doesn’t offer any type of understanding of Socks’s emotional situation. Instead, she uses the damage to her wig as leverage to push her feelings about Socks onto the Brickers, which contributes to Socks’s biting Marilyn and being kicked out of the house.


The sitter’s presence in Chapter 4 further develops The Search for Belonging Amid Shifting Familial Dynamics. For the first time since before Charles William’s birth, Socks feels safe and comfortable in his house, which is the direct result of the sitter giving him the attention he’s craved for so long. Socks’s acceptance of only a small piece of meat from the sitter’s pie shows that Socks is at ease because he neither overeats nor loses his appetite. In addition, with Charles William occupied by the piece of tape on his foot, the sitter gives Socks her full attention, which makes Socks feel cared for and content. In addition, the sitter finds creative ways to keep Charles William occupied so the baby doesn’t create stress by fussing or crying, which gives the house a relaxing atmosphere. This lets Socks enjoy his time with the sitter and fall asleep easily. In addition, this chapter further explains how Adapting to New Situations Through Acceptance, Not Resistance changes depending on the situation. Socks has struggled to adapt to having Charles William in the house because his presence has been marked by stressful changes. By contrast, the sitter is also new, but the calmness she brings is much easier for Socks to accept, and he does so immediately, making the evening one of the best he’s had in a long time.


In contrast to Chapter 4 with the sitter, Nana’s visit in Chapter 5 brings Socks even more stress than just the Brickers and Charles William alone. Nana is the catalyst for the actions in the final chapters, including Socks falling out and reintegration with the Brickers. The guests in Chapter 3 triggered unpleasant consequences for Socks (such as less food). By contrast, Nana’s active dislike of Socks puts the cat on edge and creates a borderline hostile environment, offering additional context to Overcoming Struggles in Changing Relationships to Form Lasting Bonds. Socks’s relationship with Nana triggers worse behavior than Socks has ever exhibited. He feels that Nana’s dislike is influencing Bill and Marilyn to ignore him even more than they have in the past. Socks biting Marilyn is a turning point. Up until now, Socks has acted out in ways that were unpleasant but not harmful. Biting Marilyn is painful for her, but even more, it triggers a lack of trust from the Brickers. While Nana is the catalyst for later events, Socks triggers the events by acting out because of his feelings toward Nana.

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