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Content Warning: This section of the guide mentions death by suicide and anti-gay bias.
Amos and Hamish travel to Coombe. Hamish has become a key part of Amos’s business, as has Kit, who is production manager of Amos’s two mills. Amos thinks about the increasing fear of a French invasion led by the new French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte. Regardless of the war, trade with continental Europe continues thanks to the frequent patrols of the British Royal Navy. To man the boats, however, the Navy employs a method known as pressganging. Men are forced into the Navy against their will, often plied with drink and then kidnapped, waking aboard a ship. The press gangs have led to riots. Staying in Coombe, Amos and Hamish are warned about the press gangs, though they are confident that the press gangs do not “take well-dressed middle-class gentlemen” (429). They meet a man named Jim Pidgeon, who they remember as a poor worker from Kingsbridge. Later, they fear that Jim is being deliberately intoxicated by a woman who is prepping him to be pressganged. They intervene, and a fight breaks out. Hamish saves Amos from the fight, but Jim is gone.
Elsie now has three children with Kenelm. After five years of her parents not speaking, her father has fallen ill, and Arabella takes care of him. She does not want the bishop “to die hating [her]” (434), though she continues her affair with Spade. Elsie is content with Kenelm, though she still loves Amos. She believes that the ambitious Kenelm is taking advantage of her incapacitated father to bolster his reputation. Kenelm believes that he may be selected as bishop, despite his youth and inexperience. When the bishop dies, Elsie is surprised by her own grief. He is buried in the cathedral. Despite his efforts to impress the senior clergymen, Kenelm is not made bishop. Instead, a man named Reddingcote is selected. Kenelm takes out his resentment on Elsie, blaming her. Elsie does not mind too much.
Hornbeam enjoys a conversation with his daughter Deborah. Though she was married to Will Riddick, he is not a part of their life. He has “gone wrong” (440), turning to gambling and debauchery. Since there were no children in the marriage, Deborah and Will are separated. Hornbeam has recently been made overseer of the poor. He and Titus Poole, the vicar of St. John’s, are responsible for deciding which people are granted poor relief. They hear cases and make decisions; Poole is sympathetic, but Hornbeam blames people for their poverty. Jenn Pidgeon, wife of Jim Pidgeon, is one of the applicants. She appears “half starved” (443), having fallen on desperate times after her husband was kidnapped by the press gang. She curses the press gang, a “borderline seditious” (444) comment. She does not want Poor Relief; she wants her husband returned. Poole is sympathetic, but Hornbeam dislikes her insubordination. He denies her any assistance, but she leaves with her head held high, as though she has “a fallback plan” (445).
Kenelm is made Dean of Kingsbridge Cathedral and moves into the deanery. Elsie is happy in the new house, but she envies “her mother’s passionate romance” (446) with Spade, which is the worst-kept secret in Kingsbridge. On St. Adolphus Day, she visits the fair and sees a teenage boy steal ribbon from a stall. He is caught and reveals himself to be Tommy Pidgeon, Jenn’s son. He wants to sell the stolen ribbon to buy food for his starving mother. Since the ribbon is worth more than five shillings, its theft is a capital offence. Roger visits Amos’s mill and is shocked to find Kit all grown up. Roger tells Kit about a new innovation in France, and they bond over their shared love of technology. Elsewhere, Spade notices the changes to Sal after completing her hard labor. He drinks with her and the other hands, ruminating on the unfairness of the press gang and the imminent trial of Tommy Pidgeon. As chairman of justices, Hornbeam leads the trial. Elsie gives evidence, confirming that Tommy took the ribbon but appealing to the court to sympathize with his plight. Though the crowd is riled by the talk of poverty and press gangs, the court agrees to escalate the charge to the assize court.
Jarge is one of the bellringers in the cathedral. Sal joins them one day and, to show that she can handle anything a man can do, she joins the complicated ringing of the bells. Spade compliments her first effort, and Sal is eager to take part in future bellringing sessions. Jane visits Amos’s shop. She complains that her husband dedicates all his time to the military. Amos, who has never been alone with a woman before, is awkward but still in love with Jane. Jane takes control and seduces Amos, who feels “overwhelmed with love and delight” (466). They have sex, and after Jane leaves, Amos feels intense guilt for having committed the sin of adultery.
Kit thinks often about Roger Riddick, but he tries to convince himself that he is not in love with Roger. Though he remembers gay encounters in his youth, Kit dismisses these as childhood pranks or tomfoolery. When Roger asks to talk with him, Kit is intrigued. Roger discusses a French innovation for which he has access to the patents. He suggests that he and Kit go into business together, building textile machines and splitting the profits. Kit is very interested, especially as he will be able to spend more time with Roger. He pays for Roger’s drink (as Roger, as usual, is short of cash) and rushes home to tell his mother. She is very supportive, though Kit is sad that he will need to quit his job with Amos.
In a coffeeshop, Spade talks to Cissy Bagshaw about foreign affairs. Having recently sold her mills to Amos, Cissy is about to retire as alderman. She suggests that Spade campaign to take her place. After, Roger invites Spade to view a house which was previously occupied by his brother, Will. Since Will can no longer accept bribes through his position in the military, he has found himself without money. Roger suggests that Spade buy the house for himself. At the theater, Amos meets Jane. She asks him to walk her home after the show, and when she invites him inside, he declines. He does not want to have an affair with her, no matter how much he may love her. Walking home, he realizes that he no longer loves her as much as he once did.
Hornbeam has “a vision for Kingsbridge” (480) but finds that other people frequently stand in his way. He wants to punish Spade, so he meets with Bishop Reddingcote and mentions the rumors about Spade’s affair with the bishop’s predecessor. He encourages the bishop to deliver a sermon on “not closing our eyes to sin” (482). Meanwhile, Spade shows Arabella around the new house, and they agree to marry after her year of mourning has ended.
From Spade’s perspective, the assize court judge has a “thin, mean face” (485). Cissy Bagshaw apologizes to Spade for his failure to become alderman. Spade credits this failure to Hornbeam reigniting rumors of his affair with Arabella. He is unconcerned for his own sake, but he will never forgive Hornbeam for demeaning Arabella. Tommy is quickly found guilty, and the judge sentences him to death. Spade is outraged by the decision and hopes to appeal to the highest possible court, seeking out a lawyer to advise him. Meanwhile, Kit resigns from his job to start a company with Roger. His plans are foiled, however, when he receives a letter telling him that he has been conscripted into the militia. He tries to appeal this, but his reputation as an engineer means that he will be very important in the war against Napoleon. While loading stock onto a barge, Spade talks to a man from London. The man remembers the name Hornbeam, as he grew up with a boy named Joey Hornbeam. He remembers Joey Hornbeam as a poor, desperate thief whose mother was hanged for stealing. He remembers standing next to young Hornbeam as the hanging took place.
Spade marries Arabella. The well-attended wedding is marked by “an air of unmentioned sin” (495), but Spade is very happy. After the wedding, Spade and Arabella sleep together, and she notes that it is the first time that they will wake up together in the morning. Amos and Elsie discuss the Sunday School accounts. She tells him that Jane is expecting a baby, fearing that this will hurt him, as he still loves Jane. She does not tell him the local gossip, which suggests that he is the father, but she notes that he is “evidently moved” (499) by the news. Outside Kingsbridge, Kit teaches new recruits how to form a square. He has no experience of battle and hopes to leave the military as soon as he can. Jane has her baby, and Amos attends the christening. He suspects that the baby is his, though knows that he may not have been Jane’s only “illicit lover” (501). The baby is named Henry, after Jane’s husband. Jane tells Amos to never ask her about the baby’s parentage.
Tommy Pidgeon is not pardoned. Hornbeam worries that he was overly harsh on the boy; he wants to become the Member of Parliament for Kingsbridge in the future, so feels the need not to turn the public against him. He believes that he “should have pretended to feel compassion for Tommy” (504). Tommy is hanged in a slow, excruciating manner. The watching crowd is somber, rather than riotous. After, Elsie goes to visit Jenn Pidgeon but discovers that Jenn has taken her own life. Napoleon does not invade Britain, but the war continues.
Part 4 of The Armor of Light shifts the focus of the story. Outside of Kingsbridge, Amos witnesses the violent injustice of pressganging for the first time. Stories about the kidnapping of men to man the ships of the British navy have reached Kingsbridge, but Amos is shocked by what he sees with his own eyes. The incident undermines the nationalistic myths that the ruling class has used to inspire loyalty. Throughout the story, the characters have been made increasingly aware of the war between Britain and France. As Europe descends into the Napoleonic Wars, the characters are affected by the patriotic, nationalistic propaganda of the era. They are told by the wealthy and powerful that the French must be defeated to ensure the survival of British values. But the pressganging of Jimmy Pidgeon gives Amos (and, by extension, the audience) cause to wonder whether those values are worth fighting for. As the rest of Part 4 shows, pressganging has tragic consequences beyond the immediate kidnapping, targeting the most vulnerable members of society and highlighting The Pernicious Effects of Social Inequality. British propaganda frames the Napoleonic Wars as a battle between good and evil, yet Amos is beginning to view the issue as much more nuanced and complex than he had been led to believe.
After the death of her husband, Arabella enters a year of mourning. The length of her mourning period is dictated by social convention and shows the extent to which expectation and manners rule the lives of the characters. Arabella felt some affection for her husband, even if the later years of his life were shaped by his animosity toward her and her child. Arabella may grieve her husband in private, but the year-long period of mourning is a social imposition that prevents her marrying Spade. Everyone in Kingsbridge seems aware that she and Spade are in a relationship, though everyone maintains the pretense that she is mourning her husband. The appearance of mourning is more important in the community than the emotional truth. At the same time, the public mourning also functions as a form of atonement. By adhering to social convention, Arabella is following the rules, carefully negotiating The Tension Between Romantic Love and Social Expectation. She is making her future marriage to Spade permissible by not further defying social expectation. Arabella’s mourning is as much about reintegrating into the community as it is about actual grief, illustrating the extent to which etiquette and social convention shape the lives of the characters.
The execution of Tommy Pidgeon is further evidence that this society prioritizes the appearance of justice over actual justice. The incident demonstrates Hornbeam’s hypocrisy at its most pronounced, as he hangs the desperate child of a man who was kidnapped by the state. The pressgang is responsible for the further ruin of the Pidgeon family, yet voicing this in court is tantamount to sedition. Hornbeam denies Poor Relief to Tommy’s mother and warns her against criticizing the press gang, creating the circumstances in which Tommy’s is forced to steal. Tommy’s fate is evidence that The Weight of Family Bonds exacerbates social inequality: The pressganging of Tommy’s father throws his family into destitution, forcing Tommy to steal to save his mother from starvation. Hornbeam himself stole frequently as a youngster, and his actions in this section highlight his hypocrisy. His own mother was hanged as a thief, and he demonstrates no empathy toward Tommy for committing the same crime which he himself committed many times over. Hornbeam is shown to be a vindictive hypocrite, yet he is operating within the law. The way in which Hornbeam uses courts to punish people on a whim while ignoring the context and his own past suggests to the audience that there is a discrepancy between the fact of the law and the platonic ideal of justice. Justice is not just, Hornbeam’s actions suggest, but the law remains the law. The result is to validate and justify the hands’ fight against Hornbeam and the masters by illustrating the obscene separation between actual justice and the public appearance of justice.



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