A Gentle Creature

Fyodor Dostoevsky

37 pages 1-hour read

Fyodor Dostoevsky

A Gentle Creature

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1876

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Character Analysis

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death by suicide, child abuse, and gender discrimination.

The Narrator

“A Gentle Creature” is narrated from the perspective of an unnamed 41-year-old man. He is a Russian noble, but, due to an incident in the past, he has descended the social ladder and now operates a pawnshop. The first-person narration reveals his frenetic, dislocated mind. He is certain that he now “[understands] it all” (61), yet his rambling account suggests that he understands very little. The narrator’s past plays into the story’s key theme, Shame and Fear as Motivating Forces. He keeps his shameful past hidden from the audience for much of the story, just as he hid it from his wife. The secret leaks out in small parts until, eventually, the narrator feels the time is right to share his “self-justification.” 


The narrator’s withholding suggests that he is trying to exert agency over his past, particularly since the incident had such a dramatic effect on his life and led to such a loss of control. His refusal to fight a duel on behalf of his captain was considered a shameful act of cowardice by his fellow officers, casting the narrator into a period of poverty that lasted for three years. The pawnshop allowed him to make himself financially stable, even if he was not able to recover his status and pride. As a pawnshop owner, he is adaptable. At the same time, he has become ostracized and alienated from society. He is too cast out, too marginalized to comprehend those around him. He became fixated on the girl: Through her, he hoped, he would find a return to happiness. The titular gentle creature is less a woman whom he loved on equal terms, as she was a ticket to personal redemption and a solution to social alienation. 


The narrator’s unreliability is not random. It reflects how, so affected by his past disgrace, he is unable to relate authentically to the world around him. He portrays Russian society from the perspective of someone who does not accept its social etiquette or expectations. The lack of communication between him and his young wife suggests a broader lack of dialogue between the narrator and society as a whole. The speaker saw her as his redemption, but, rather than redeeming him, he brought her into his world of alienation and misery. While the story makes this clear to the reader, the narrator himself doesn’t comprehend this. 


The girl’s death reflects the narrator’s ultimate failure to understand the world. She was meant to be his wife and partner, yet her character and motivations remain inscrutable to him. This makes the narrator feel even more alone; to compensate, he relays his experience to society as a whole.


In the closing paragraphs, he claims that “people on earth are alone” (103). He hints at his distance from religion, as he fails to recognize the Bible quote that he incorporates into his speech. Far from society and far from the grace of God, the narrator is left in solitude to wallow in his subjective misery. He may not be a reliable narrator of Russian society, but he is a reliable reporter of his own malaise.

The Girl

Like the narrator, the girl is never named. Her identity is constructed from biographical fragments that the narrator has obtained through bribes and his own first impressions. From his perspective, she is a 16-year-old orphan whom he regards as a “delicate creature” (61). He found her meekness and frailty striking when they first met. However, when she visited his pawnshop, she did so in an attempt to assert control over her life. She was a person with agency, not a passive figure who easily accepted her position in life. She pawned objects to pay for classified ads in the hope of finding a job, and she wanted a job so that her overbearing aunts would not force her to marry a shopkeeper who was even older than the narrator. The young girl was in a precarious position. Without parents, her aunts wanted to essentially sell her to the highest bidder, while her failed advertisements speak to the hostility of the world she inhabited. She had no one to help her, and, eventually, she was given a choice between marrying an old shopkeeper or marrying an old pawnbroker. Since she was just a teenager, the extent to which she can even be considered to have had a choice is dubious. She was coerced into marriage in such a way that speaks to the precarity of her situation. Through her character’s struggles, the story illustrates The Oppression Of Women Within Patriarchal Marriage. The narrator, fully enveloped in his subjectivity, never appreciates this precarity. 


When the girl hesitated to accept his proposal, the narrator raged against the “pulse pounding away” in his head (70). The reader only knows what he saw and felt, not what was happening in her head. To the narrator, the girl was not a person; she was a method of alleviating his alienation and loneliness. However, rather than improving his situation, he only succeeded in dragging the girl deeper into his misery. Her emotional isolation intensified, leading to a series of health problems that function as physical manifestations of emotional pain. She felt increasingly trapped in the claustrophobic marriage, in which her new husband policed her behavior and refused to see her as anything more than a gentle creature that existed to improve his own mood. After he reclaimed her from Yefimovich, she stood above him with his revolver against his temple. She was responding to the miserable situation in which he had trapped her, but her exact motivations are obscured in the narrator’s telling. Due to the subjective nature of the narration and the narrator’s own flaws and biases, the narrative is unable to humanize her. Her inscrutability becomes her defining feature. 


This is evident in her final act. Deprived of hope, she took her life. The narrator cannot understand her decision, but he never understood her as a person. He does not try to interpret her holding the icon or her last words. Such matters are left vague and uninterpreted because, in death, she remains as elusive as in life, at least from the perspective of the narrator. He repurposes the story of her suicide into a story about himself, speaking to the way in which his subjective narration limits his understanding of other humans. The girl is a primary victim of his ignorance. Even in death, she is denied the agency and humanity of a person with her own desires, emotions, and motivations.

Lukeriya

In a story with few named characters, Lukeriya is a notable presence. She is a servant and a representative of a different social class. Her interactions with the narrator provide insight into the way in which social class functioned in Russian society during this era, as well as how the narrator differs from most people. After the girl agreed to marry the narrator, Lukeriya accepted a job in the household of the newly married couple. This was not solely an economic decision. She feels a sense of loyalty to the girl, telling the narrator that she will be “leaving” as soon as the girl is buried. She does not need the job or feel any loyalty to her mourning employer. She shows more genuine attachment and empathy toward the girl than the narrator ever does and emerges as a sincere, caring person. Her class position does not make her immune to empathy, even toward her employers. It is not social class, then, that limits the extent of the narrator’s empathy. He simply does not empathize with others. Lukeriya recognizes this and has no interest in remaining in his employ. 


Lukeriya is also significant because, other than the narrator, she is the only person who exerts any influence over the telling of the story. Since he was away during his wife’s suicide, the narrator relies on Lukeriya to explain the last moments of his wife’s existence. This is one of the most significant moments in the story and the point that bridges its past and present tenses. The narrator’s absence speaks to his broader sense of absence from society itself. In Lukeriya’s telling, the girl smiled and responded positively to conversation in a way that she never did with the narrator. From Lukeriya’s very brief recounting, the audience is able to realize that the narrator’s perspective may not be reliable. Lukeriya’s presence emphasizes that the narrator is a marginalized figure who is unable to relate to anyone around him. He is even unable to see how Lukeriya’s account reflects so badly on him.

Yefimovich

Lieutenant Yefimovich is a specter from the narrator’s past that haunts him through to the present day. The two men are diametrically opposed in a social sense. Whereas the narrator was drummed out of the military in disgrace, Yefimovich seems to have left of his own volition. He has maintained his status and reputation. He also seems socially adjusted and charming in a way that the narrator envies. Yefimovich not only reminds the narrator of his shameful departure from the military but also embodies the social etiquette and behavior that society demands and that the narrator cannot adhere to. Yefimovich functions as a mirror to the narrator, reflecting back his most pressing doubts and anxieties about himself. 


When the girl began to sneak out of the house, the narrator was “extremely taken aback” (78). This act seemed carefully calculated to hurt him to a degree that he did not believe that his gentle, meek young wife could manage. Her illicit meetings with Yefimovich reflect the narrator’s fear that his past shame would infect his marriage. He had hoped that his wife might return him to happiness; instead, she threatened to catapult him into the depths of his shame once again. Though she was oppressed by the patriarchy, she still had the freedom and ability to hurt him. Her agency, the story suggests, was both present and repressed.


When the speaker burst in with the revolver, he showed the aggression and demand for honor that he never felt when being called to duel. He stared down Yefimovich with a gun in his hand, a symbolic rebuke of everything that Yefimovich signifies about his past. To the narrator, this was a significant moment of personal retribution; he was bolstered by a sense of reclaiming his honor. As with so much in the narrator’s life, however, not everyone saw events in the same way. His moment of triumph, achieved through Yefimovich, did not amount to much and was soon forgotten.

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