The Last September

Elizabeth Bowen

45 pages 1-hour read

Elizabeth Bowen

The Last September

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1929

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Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

Lois is a young Anglo-Irish woman living at the Danielstown estate with her aunt and uncle. Stuck in a transitional period between girlhood and womanhood, she feels disconnected from her own identity and desires. She spends her days attending social calls and painting, longing to feel something genuine during the political tensions of the Irish War of Independence.

Key Relationships

Niece of Sir Richard Naylor

Niece of Lady Naylor

Cousin of Laurence

Daughter of Laura

Romantic Interest of Gerald Lesworth

Friend of Livvy

Friend of Marda Norton

Acquaintance of Hugo Montmorency

Correspondent of Viola

Sir Richard is the owner of Danielstown and Lois's uncle. He prefers to ignore the surrounding political violence, maintaining the traditions of his aristocratic life. Though he expresses occasional sympathy for his lower-class Irish neighbors, he stubbornly believes that reports of danger are exaggerated by outsiders.

Key Relationships

Husband of Lady Naylor

Uncle of Lois Farquar

Brother of Laura

Uncle by marriage of Laurence

Old Friend of Hugo Montmorency

Lady Naylor is Sir Richard's wife and the aunt of Laurence. She acts as a stern guardian over Lois and actively enforces the social hierarchies of her class. She dismisses the anxieties of her English friends and uses passive-aggressive maneuvers to steer the younger generation away from inappropriate marriages.

Key Relationships

Wife of Sir Richard Naylor

Aunt of Laurence

Aunt by marriage of Lois Farquar

Social Superior of Gerald Lesworth

Friend of Mrs. Carey

Laurence is Lady Naylor's nephew and an Oxford student staying at Danielstown out of financial necessity. He possesses an intellectual but cynical demeanor and avoids physical exertion. He views the comfortable routines of the estate with contempt and adopts a detached attitude toward the surrounding violence.

Key Relationships

Nephew of Lady Naylor

Nephew by marriage of Sir Richard Naylor

Cousin of Lois Farquar

Questioner of Gerald Lesworth

Hugo is an old friend of Sir Richard who visits the estate with his wife. He once held an unrequited love for Lois's mother, Laura, and continues to romanticize his past. He is restless and prone to transferring his romantic obsessions onto new acquaintances.

Key Relationships

Old Friend of Sir Richard Naylor

Former Admirer of Laura

Attracted to Marda Norton

Acquaintance of Lois Farquar

Francie is Hugo's wife and an old friend of Lady Naylor. Though treated as a physical invalid by the rest of the household, she possesses a sharp emotional awareness. She is quick to notice the romantic dynamics among the younger residents and openly expresses concern for the physical safety of the estate.

Key Relationships

Wife of Hugo Montmorency

Friend of Lady Naylor

Observer of Lois Farquar

Gerald is an English subaltern stationed in Ireland to enforce British rule. Dutiful and straightforward, he earnestly believes in the mission of the British Empire. He pursues Lois openly, offering her a sense of safety that clashes with her family's social expectations.

Key Relationships

Romantic Interest of Lois Farquar

Looked Down Upon by Lady Naylor

Fellow Soldier of Mr. Daventry

Debater with Laurence

Supporting Characters

Marda is a self-assured Anglo-Irish family friend who arrives from England for a visit. She is engaged to an Englishman and determined to avoid complications during her stay. Her directness and independence fascinate Lois and prompt her to consider her own future.

Key Relationships

Friend of Lois Farquar

Pursued by Hugo Montmorency

Fiancée of Leslie

Livvy is a local girl and a practical, proactive friend to Lois. She frequently drives a trap around the countryside and actively seeks out the company of the stationed soldiers, viewing marriage as a necessary goal to achieve on her own terms.

Key Relationships

Friend of Lois Farquar

Romantic Interest of Mr. Armstrong

Mr. Daventry is an English soldier who suffers from shell shock due to the taxing nature of his military raids in Ireland. Unlike the polite and cheerful Gerald, he is openly cynical and physically unsettled by his duties.

Key Relationships

Fellow Soldier of Gerald Lesworth

Dance Partner of Lois Farquar

Mr. Armstrong is a British soldier stationed in the area. He spends time socializing with the local girls and becomes romantically entangled with Livvy.

Key Relationships

Romantic Interest of Livvy

Mrs. Vermont is the wife of an English officer. She displays a patronizing attitude toward the Irish locals and views her presence as a civilizing favor, contrasting with the quiet resentment of the Anglo-Irish characters.

Key Relationships

Acquaintance of Lois Farquar

Mrs. Fogarty is a local woman living in the town of Clonmore. She regularly opens her home to the young British soldiers, providing a comfortable parlor where they can sing, play piano, and socialize with local girls.

Key Relationships

Hostess to Gerald Lesworth

Hostess to Lois Farquar

Laura is Lois's deceased mother and Sir Richard's sister. Though she is gone, her memory lingers over the older generation, particularly influencing Hugo's perception of Lois.

Key Relationships

Mother of Lois Farquar

Sister of Sir Richard Naylor

Former Romantic Interest of Hugo Montmorency

Viola is Lois's school friend. She lives away from Danielstown and receives letters from Lois, acting as a sounding board for Lois's anxieties about men and social performance.

Key Relationships

Correspondent of Lois Farquar

Leslie is Marda Norton's English fiancé. He stays in England during her visit and holds a deeply suspicious view of Ireland, which Marda wishes to avoid confirming.

Key Relationships

Fiancé of Marda Norton

Mrs. Carey is a neighbor to the Naylors. She takes walks with Lady Naylor and discusses the lack of adventure in the younger generation.

Key Relationships

Friend of Lady Naylor

Mrs. Trent is a neighbor from Castle Trent. She visits Danielstown for tea and discusses the limited marriage prospects for local girls in the region.

Key Relationships

Neighbor of Lady Naylor