A self-taught scientist from Connecticut who, in the early 19th century, conceptualized hurricanes as revolving whirlwinds and promoted the idea of using telegraphy for hurricane tracking.

An American scientist known for his rivalry with Redfield, advocating the theory that hurricanes function as large heat engines drawing energy from warm oceans, and promoting his ideas passionately.

A Spanish Jesuit priest in Cuba who combined scientific research with religious dedication to improve hurricane forecasting in the late 19th century, drawing from local knowledge and collaboration.

Founder of the American Red Cross, who provided critical hurricane relief in the late 19th century, leveraging her wartime experience to support disaster-stricken communities.

An American writer who experienced the devastation of the 1935 Labor Day hurricane firsthand, later criticizing the government's response and advocating for accountability in disaster management.

Creators of the Saffir-Simpson scale, a system used to categorize hurricane intensity, which revolutionized the understanding and response to hurricanes in America.