Elio is a highly intellectual 17-year-old living in Italy with his American father and Italian mother. He spends his summer days transcribing music, reading philosophy, and observing the people around him. Deeply sensitive and self-conscious about his youth, he feels an immediate and overwhelming physical attraction to his family's latest summer guest. He often uses his intellect and quiet demeanor as a defense mechanism to hide his intense emotions.

Oliver is a 24-year-old American scholar studying the ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus. He exudes an easygoing charm and breezy confidence that quickly wins over the local townspeople. He openly wears a Star of David necklace, establishing a cultural connection with Elio's Jewish heritage. Beneath his relaxed exterior and casual use of American slang, he occasionally reveals a defensive shyness.

Marzia is a teenage girl who lives in the Italian town of B. She shares a casual, affectionate dynamic with Elio and participates in the local social scene with the other youth. Observant and direct, she notices Elio's tendency to hide behind his books and serves as a comfortable companion for him during a confusing summer.

Mr. Pearlman is an American academic who hosts and mentors younger scholars working on manuscripts each summer. Liberal and intellectually curious, he creates an environment that prioritizes deep thinking and cultural immersion. He raises his son with profound respect and actively encourages him to take emotional risks in life.

Vimini is a ten-year-old girl who lives next door to Elio in B. Despite battling leukemia, she maintains a brash and highly mature personality. She engages easily with the older characters and immediately takes a liking to the visiting American scholar.

Elio's mother is an Italian woman who helps maintain the family's bilingual, intellectually rigorous home. She treats her son with respect and encourages his independence. She supports his social adventures without hovering, contributing to the liberal atmosphere of the household.

Chiara is an Italian-American girl who spends time in the local town of B. She quickly becomes infatuated with Oliver, drawing his attention and spending time with him. Her brief relationship with the scholar prompts intense observation and jealousy from Elio.

Alfredo is a poet connected to the literary circles in Italy. He interacts with the main characters at a local bookstore and later at a lively book launch party in Rome. He enjoys entertaining crowds by sharing bawdy, elaborate stories from his international travels.