Catherine embodied the paradox of ‘enlightened despotism’. Do you think her reign was, on balance, a success of social reform, or retreat into conservatism?

Analyze the role of mothers and mother figures in Catherine the Great. How does this intersect with Massie’s portrayal of female power?

Massie considers Catherine to be more motivated in her affairs by the search for companionship than sexual pleasure. Do you agree with him? Justify your opinion by drawing on the source evidence.

Consider other examples of popular revolt, dynamic social change, and reactionary politics in 18th-century Europe. How does Catherine’s reign compare to these parallels?

Massie draws significantly on Catherine’s own memoir. To what extent do you think this is a true and objective account of her earlier life, and why?

Research modern perceptions of Catherine the Great. What has changed since Massie’s book was published in 2011 and what might you alter or add from the vantage point of today?

Massie creates a sense of forward momentum and destiny in Catherine’s early narrative, drawing on the knowledge of her future power. Using close analysis of language and form, show how he gives this effect.

Analyze Catherine’s treatment of her various lovers. Do you think she treats them fairly, by the standards of the day, or is she exploitative or unjust? Support your argument with evidence from the biography.