Philosophy, Logic, & Ethics

What is the good life? What is justice? Do we have free will? Does it matter? From ancient classics like Plato's Allegory of the Cave to modern standards like John Rawls's A Theory of Justice, the texts in this collection explore ideas and questions at the root of the human condition.

No Exit

by Jean-Paul Sartre

Publication year 1944

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Community, Good & Evil, Apathy, Guilt

Tags Existentialism, Drama, French Literature, Philosophy, Symbolic Narrative, Relationships, Education, Education, Dramatic Literature, Philosophy, Classic Fiction

No Exit (1944) is a play by French philosopher, writer, and critic Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre was drafted into the French army during World War II and spent nearly a year as a German prisoner of war. He then wrote and debuted No Exit in Paris while the city was still under German occupation and control. No Exit is comprised of one act which takes place in a single room in the afterlife, which the characters... Read No Exit Summary

No God but God

by Reza Aslan

Publication year 2005

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Community, Politics & Government, Religion & Spirituality

Tags Religion & Spirituality, World History, Politics & Government, Philosophy, Philosophy

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No Longer Human

by Osamu Dazai

Publication year 1948

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Loneliness, Mental Health, Guilt, Love

Tags Japanese Literature, Depression & Suicide, Realistic Fiction, Mental Illness, Asian Literature, Philosophy, Philosophy, Classic Fiction

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No Man Is an Island

by John Donne

Publication year 1624

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Community, Death

Tags Symbolic Narrative, European History, Relationships, British Literature, World History, Psychology, Psychology, Philosophy, Philosophy, Classic Fiction, Religion & Spirituality

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Notes from Underground

by Fyodor Dostoevsky

Publication year 1864

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Shame & Pride, Memory, Community

Tags Classic Fiction, Philosophy, Psychological Fiction, Russian Literature, World History, Psychology, Psychology, Philosophy

Notes from Underground (sometimes translated as Notes from the Underground) is an 1864 novella by Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky was a novelist, journalist, and short story author. His novels are deeply rooted in philosophy and politics and explore the experiences and repercussions of his 19th-century Russian sociopolitical context. Dostoevsky is also the author of Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, Demons, and The Brothers Karamazov. His writing influenced many other writers and philosophers, including existentialists... Read Notes from Underground Summary

Novum Organum

by Francis Bacon

Publication year 1620

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Hope, Science & Technology, Truth & Lies

Tags Philosophy, Science & Nature

Novum Organum is an epistemological tract written by Francis Bacon, an early modern statesman and polymath. It was published in 1620 and written in Latin. Its full title is Novum Organum, sive Indicia Vera de Interpretatione Naturae, meaning “New Organon, or true suggestions for the interpretation of nature.” Novum Organum was intended to be the second part of a larger work—the Instauratio Magna, or “Great Instauration,” Bacon’s proposal for an overhaul and new birth of... Read Novum Organum Summary

Oedipus Rex

by Sophocles

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Family, Fate

Tags Tragedy, Mythology, Philosophy, Religion & Spirituality, Ancient Greece, Classic Fiction, Education, Education, Dramatic Literature, Fantasy

Sophocles’s play Oedipus Rex, first performed in the early-to-mid 400s BCE, is one of the most famous and influential tragedies left to us from the ancient Greek tradition. Based on the myth of Oedipus, whose cursed fate was to marry his mother and kill his father, the play explores themes of destiny, free will, and literal and metaphoric vision and blindness. This guide uses the 1984 Penguin edition of The Three Theban Plays, translated by... Read Oedipus Rex Summary

On Christian Doctrine

by Augustine of Hippo

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Religion & Spirituality, Love

Tags Religion & Spirituality, Christian, Philosophy, Education, Education, Philosophy, Classic Fiction

St. Augustine of Hippo’s On Christian Doctrine is a theological work offering guidance to the interpretation of biblical scripture, as well as Augustine’s precepts for effective rhetorical practice and Christian teaching. The work first appeared in 397 AD. Augustine’s expertise on these topics is twofold. As Bishop of Hippo, Augustine brings ecclesiastical authority and an extensive knowledge of the scriptures to his theology; as a former teacher of rhetoric, he speaks as an expert when... Read On Christian Doctrine Summary

On Death and Dying

by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

Publication year 1969

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Grief, Death, Family

Tags Science & Nature, Psychology, Philosophy, Philosophy, Self-Improvement, Religion & Spirituality, Psychology, Grief & Death, Health

On Death and Dying is a 1969 psychological study by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. It is best known in popular culture for introducing the five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Kübler-Ross’s work with terminally ill patients inspired the model. She wrote the study as a response to the lack of instruction in medical schools about how to handle the topic of death. It was the very first book written by Kübler-Ross in her... Read On Death and Dying Summary

On Dreams

by Sigmund Freud

Publication year 1901

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Memory, Shame & Pride, Mental Health

Tags Psychology, Philosophy, Love & Sexuality, Mental Illness, Education, Education, Science & Nature, French Literature, Psychology, Philosophy, Classic Fiction

... Read On Dreams Summary

One-Dimensional Man

by Herbert Marcuse

Publication year 1964

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Economics, Politics & Government, Art, Power & Greed, Science & Technology, Community

Tags Philosophy, Politics & Government, Psychology, Education, Education, Business & Economics, Sociology, World History, Psychology, Philosophy

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On Fairy-Stories

by J. R. R. Tolkien

Publication year 1939

Genre Essay / Speech, Nonfiction

Themes Literature, Religion & Spirituality, Childhood & Youth, Language

Tags Philosophy, Fantasy, Fairy Tale & Folklore, Mythology, Philosophy, Literary Criticism, Classic Fiction, Religion & Spirituality

... Read On Fairy-Stories Summary