Published in 2013, Ghost Hawk is a young-adult, historical-fantasy novel written by English author Susan Cooper. Set in seventeenth-century Massachusetts, the story is told in two parts. The first follows Little Hawk, a native eleven-year-old Algonquian Wampanoag who must spend three months alone in the woods as a rite of passage in becoming a man. When a white settler unjustly murders Little Hawk, the story shifts focus to John Wakeley, an Englishman who feels tremendous guilt and remorse over Little Hawk’s death. As John heads toward Plymouth, he encounters Little Hawk’s ghost, who becomes his close friend and companion while he is advocating on behalf of Native Americans. Ghost Hawk has been called “a beautifully written story” by School Library Journal, and “a richly plotted, lyrical, and near-<a href="http://www.supersummary.com/epic/">epic</a> novel” by Booklist. Narrated in the first person, Little Hawk a Pokanoket native, recalls his Wampanoag father, Flying Hawk, greeting a hickory tree before putting a stone blade in between two branches. This is the process of making a tomahawk, which Flying Hawk will gift to his son when the time is right. The gift has added meaning because the handle of the tomahawk was passed down from Flying Hawk’s grandfather. The story jumps ahead. Little Hawk is eleven-years-old. Flying Hawk takes his son to the hickory tree to obtain the tomahawk, giving the tree’s spirit a pinch of tobacco as an offering. Flying Hawk then cuts the tree down. At home, Little Hawk’s mother and sister prepare him for “proving time,” a rite of passage in which he must spend three moons (months) alone in the woods with only a bow, tomahawk, ax, and a special knife with a metal blade Flying Hawk traded for with white settlers. When completed, Little Hawk will become a man. Little Hawk and his father visit a sweat lodge and bathe in the hot steam, purging away all impurities and “the fears in our minds.” Flying Hawk places a blindfold over his son’s eyes and leads him into the forest. Finally, Flying Hawk removes the blindfold, hugs his son, and departs as the snow begins to fall. At first, Little Hawk is not afraid. He recalls a time being lost alone in the woods when he was two years old, and how his family called him Little Maple after finding him feasting on buckets of sap from a maple tree. Little Hawk hurts his ankle while walking; he builds a fire and shelter. He digs up greenbrier roots as his grandmother, Suncatcher, once did. Several days pass, and Little Hawk grows hungrier and more tired. He finally spots his Manitou, a spirit-guide, in the form of an osprey. The Manitou implores Little Hawk to stop despairing and promises to restore the boy’s strength. Little Hawk awakes in the snow, spots a red-tailed hawk, and knows he must follow it. In trying to catch an eel in the ice, Little Hawk loses the knife his father gave him. Little Hawk sees stars dancing in the sky and decides it’s time to return home. Upon returning, Little Hawk is devastated to find his village wiped out by a plague brought by white settlers. Only his grandmother is left alive. Soon, a new village is formed. Little Hawk is designated as the runner, a person who can quickly relay information between villages. While fishing in springtime, Little Hawk meets John Wakeley, a white boy around his age. Despite language barriers, the two become fast friends. Years later, Little Hawk spots two white men trapped under a fallen tree. John is nearby calling for help. Just as Little Hawk raises his ax to cut the men free, the boy is shot dead by one of the white men. John is mortified by this and vows to prove Little Hawk’s innocence. The white men dismiss John’s pleas, calling Little Hawk a savage heathen unworthy of being honored. One of these men is John’s stepfather, Kelly, a Puritan. Outraged by the unjust murder of Little Hawk, John is sent by Kelly to serve a seven-year apprenticeship near Plymouth. John trains as a cooper with the Medlycott family, honing his craft to near perfection. John meets the ghost of Little Hawk at the hickory tree where his tomahawk was fashioned. Because of his violent death, Little Hawk’s spirit isn’t free to leave Earth. His ghost appears to John only at dawn and dusk. As their friendship strengthens, John ends up at Providence Plantation, where he joins the separatist Roger Williams. In learning the native customs from Hawk’s ghost, John fights against whites’ bigotry, intolerance, and cruel treatment of natives. John saves Little Hawk’s nephew, Metacom, from certain death. Little Hawk guides and supports the mission, narrating (now in the third person) his ghostly observations of John’s passionate cause and the increasing tensions between the settlers and natives. Years later, John marries Huldah, a servant girl, and starts a family, much to the chagrin of Kelly. Little Hawk becomes John’s Manitou, agreeing to teach him the Algonquian language. Once John learns the language and is able to communicate with the natives, his white brethren become even more infuriated. Rumors of war in John’s area stir greater unrest on both sides. In the end, an unknown Native American shoots John to death. John’s lifework of advocating on behalf of the indigenous people was all for naught. The novel concludes when Little Hawk meets a painterly white woman, Rachel, who unlocks the mystery of his existence, thereby setting his spirit free. Susan Cooper is the author of several children’s books, including Over Sea, Under Stone, The Dark is Rising, Greenwitch, Silver on the Tree, Seaward, and the Newbery Medal award-winning The Grey King. In 2002, Cooper was nominated for the biennial international Hans Christian Anderson Award for her lifetime achievements in children’s literature.

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