Vandyke is a sociologist from California who utilizes a scientific perspective to understand the world. Initially holding biased scientific views regarding gender differences, his observations in the female-only society of Herland slowly alter his opinions. He is logical and reasonable, often serving as a mediator between his two traveling companions.

Terry is a wealthy explorer who expects to easily dominate the women he encounters. He views women purely in terms of their sexual desirability and dismisses their ability to organize or innovate. Accustomed to dramatic and aggressive pursuits, he becomes quickly frustrated by the peaceful, cooperative nature of Herland.

Jeff is a doctor with a highly romanticized and sentimental view of women. He believes women are inherently pure and require male protection, which puts him at odds with the self-sufficient citizens of Herland. Despite his idolizing behavior, he genuinely respects the Herlanders and appreciates their culture.

Ellador is a forester and a respected citizen descending from a long line of Over Mothers. She is highly intelligent, adventurous, and values her independence and moral code above traditional romantic expectations. She views potential partners as equals rather than figures of authority.

Alima is a strong, agile young woman who lacks the conditioning of patriarchal societies. Because she has never experienced male authority or aggression, she interacts fearlessly with the outsiders. Her straightforward nature clashes heavily with Terry's aggressive courting methods.

Celis is a forester characterized by her blue clothing and sentimental disposition. She is more receptive to Jeff's idolizing behavior than her peers are to the other men, making her relationship with him the most stable of the three couples.

Somel is a highly intelligent, patient, and calm middle-aged woman. She is assigned to teach Vandyke the language and history of Herland while simultaneously gathering information about the outside world. She projects a comforting yet dependable presence.

Zava is a steady, knowledgeable Herlander who works directly with Jeff. Like the other tutors, she exhibits immense patience and approaches her educational duties with a calm, methodical demeanor.

Moadine is a strong, courteous older woman who functions as Terry's tutor and guard. She handles his emotional outbursts with the steady patience of a parent managing a challenging child, completely undisturbed by his attempts at intimidation.

The Colonels are the middle-aged women who operate the society and maintain its safety. Terry coins this nickname to insult their stoic, unyielding demeanors, but the group effectively demonstrates the leadership and physical capability of older women in Herland.