Lázár

Nelio Biedermann, Transl. Jamie Bulloch
71 pages2-hour read
Fiction
Novel
Adult
Published in 2026

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Part 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, death by suicide, child abuse, bullying, racism, religious discrimination, substance use, and sexual content.

Part 4: “Shadows”

Part 4, Chapter 21 Summary

Lajos and Lilly’s son is named István von Lázár but is called “Pista” when he’s good. His governess, Bertha, finds him to be a sinister child. As a baby, Pista is silent and emotionless, never smiling but gripping any object given to him with a disturbing intensity. Once he learns to crawl, he explores the entire house. One time, after Pista crawled into a fireplace, the elderly servant Béla only found him at the last moment, hearing Pista’s screams after the fire was lit. 


Years later, Lilly is shocked to find Pista talking to the shadow of a birch tree, which Pista claims is his friend. He tells her that all shadows speak to him, including her own. This affinity for darkness grows as he ages; he prefers dark clothing, gloomy cellars, and the long nights of winter. On his 16th birthday, Pista dyes his hair dark. He spends hours at night staring at a painting of an empty studio, convinced that he can sense the painter’s unseen corpse just out of frame. He feels most himself in the darkness, when his inner world matches the blackness outside.

Part 4, Chapter 22 Summary

The Lázár family hides unpleasant truths. While Pista was told that his grandmother drowned and that his grandfather had simply fallen down the stairs, the official family register correctly notes that Sándor von Lázár died from a skull fracture while drunk and that Mária von Lázár’s drowning was a suicide. One night, a young Pista wakes from a nightmare and wanders through the house. He becomes transfixed by the pattern on a Turkish carpet illuminated by moonlight. Taking a pair of craft scissors, he goes to his parents’ bedroom. He stands in the doorway and witnesses them having sex, perceiving his parents as a monstrous, four-legged creature violently stabbing itself. When they’re finished, Lajos and Lilly notice him standing there silently, holding the scissors. Lilly gently takes him back to bed, while Lajos reflects on his difficulty with fatherhood and has a disturbing, momentary impulse to suffocate his son.

Part 4, Chapter 23 Summary

In 1931, one year before his daughter Eva von Lázár’s birth, Lajos returns home late one evening. Unhappy in his marriage, he decides he needs an “anaesthetic” and goes to the room of the governess, Bertha. He enters without knocking, and she performs oral sex on him. Suddenly, Lilly is in the room. She watches them silently for a moment and then glances at her reflection in a mirror before turning and leaving without a confrontation.

Part 4, Chapter 24 Summary

While driving their car, an Adler Diplomat, Lajos reflects that his relationship with Lilly has improved since she discovered his affair with Bertha. Following advice from Mr. Király, Lajos confessed his feelings to Lilly and dismissed Bertha. The family’s finances have also recovered, and they have bought a house in Budapest for the winter season. Lajos also reflects on his sister Ilona’s constant, anxious talk about the rising threat of the Nazi Party in Germany. Ilona and her husband, Kurt, fled Nazi persecution in Berlin due to her husband’s Jewish identity. Lajos privately holds conflicting views on Adolf Hitler, finding him ridiculous but also admiring his theatrical political talent. As he pulls out of a gas station, the attendant gives Lajos a Nazi salute. Lajos and Lilly are on their way to visit friends who live next to the filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, who famously produced propaganda films for the Nazis. Upon arriving at the villa, Lajos sees a deer at the edge of the woods and thinks about the approaching hunting season.

Part 4, Chapter 25 Summary

Ilona recalls her family’s harrowing escape from Austria. On the train from Vienna with Kurt and their children, they shared a compartment with the famed writer Zuckmayer. He warned them that border officials would strip-search them and that they were only permitted to carry 25 marks when exiting the country. Taking his advice, Ilona went to the train lavatory and threw their hidden money out the window, despite the painful sight of the banknotes fluttering in the wind. When the train stopped in Innsbruck, officers with swastika armbands boarded and escorted Zuckmayer off the train. At the border, the family was subjected to a humiliating search that lasted all night. Ilona was forced to undress completely for inspection by a female officer. Her children, including the 12-year-old Tony, were also made to strip. The next morning, their train finally crossed into the safety of Switzerland.

Part 4, Chapter 26 Summary

After his family moves to Budapest for the winter, Pista is isolated and bullied at his new school. In response, he begins a rigorous exercise routine. After half a year, his body registers the first changes. After two years of doing push-ups, he’s stronger than his peers. This physical change stops the abuse and alters his demeanor, making him appear more mature and mysterious. His new presence attracts a girl from a neighboring school named Matilda Telkes, who passes him a love letter. Overwhelmed, Pista reads it repeatedly but then loses it and searches everywhere for it. He writes back, initiating a silent romance in which they exchange letters every two days. Pista develops a ritual of memorizing Matilda’s letters before eating them. He becomes completely fixated on her, engaging in private acts while chanting her words and dreaming of her with a red peacock.

Part 4, Chapter 27 Summary

Feeling that letters are no longer enough, Pista meets Matilda and takes her hand. She pulls him along to the small park near her apartment, the place where she read all his letters. Unsure of what to do, they stand holding hands until they decide to simply continue doing so for the rest of the afternoon. This is the first time Pista has heard Matilda’s voice. When Pista walks her home at dusk, they again find themselves at a loss for how to say goodbye. Matilda asks Pista to say her name, and after he does, she pulls him in for a real kiss before quickly slipping inside her building.

Part 4, Chapter 28 Summary

After her mother, Mrs. Telkes, sees her kiss Pista, Matilda is locked in a small broom cupboard for the night. Through the keyhole, her mother delivers a terrifying religious-inflected sermon filled with allegorical warnings about men and relationships, leaving Matilda with nightmarish images. 


The next morning, Matilda recalls how she foolishly lied about her whereabouts, only to realize that her mother had seen everything from the window. Now understanding the danger, Matilda resolves to be more circumspect. She plans to limit her contact with Pista and eat his letters to hide them since the garbage bin is too risky and she can’t burn them in her room. When she leaves school intending to see Pista, however, she is intercepted by Dora, the family’s housekeeper. Dora comforts a distraught Matilda, explaining that her mother’s cruelty stems from a twisted form of love and worry. She advises Matilda that the safest course is to forget the boy.

Part 4, Chapter 29 Summary

After a week of forced separation, Pista is handed a letter by Matilda’s friend Eszter. The contents leave him devastated. Weeks pass, with Pista and Matilda suffering intensely. Pista endures sleepless nights and tormenting dreams, while Matilda, constantly chaperoned by Dora, is so consumed by heartache that she can’t eat. Matilda treasures Pista’s letters but fears that she’s forgetting his face and repeatedly begs the sympathetic Dora to let her see him. Mrs. Telkes believes that her lack of hunger is a manipulative strike. A despairing letter from Pista, revealing that he’ll be away until autumn, causes Matilda to crumble completely. Moved by the girl’s grief, Dora finally relents and arranges for them to meet one last time before his departure. Four days before he leaves, on a cold day, Matilda and Dora wait for Pista outside his school. He emerges, spots them, and approaches. Matilda goes to him, and they speak before sharing a brief, firm embrace.

Part 4 Analysis

Young Pista claims that the birch tree’s shadow is his friend because “the tree is dead” (93). This claim establishes a foundational aspect of his character and introduces the motif of shadows and darkness. Rather than an absence of light, Pista considers darkness to be a vivid, communicative presence. He speaks to shadows, prefers gloomy cellars, and feels most himself at night, the time at which his “inner self correspond[s] to the outside world” (94). This affinity distinguishes him from his aristocratic family, who inhabit a world of sunlit gardens and social obligations. His mother is unsettled by his strange communion with the unseen. His fascination with a painting of a deserted studio, where he senses the presence of the painter’s unseen corpse, further illustrates his intuitive connection to what is hidden, absent, or dead. This alienation is later channeled into a physical transformation when, bullied at school, he reshapes his body through rigorous exercise. This act creates a protective armor, an exterior of strength that shields the sensitive, shadow-aligned self within, showing a boy who has learned early that survival requires a form of self-concealment.


The Lázár family register, with its stark entries of “suicide by drowning” and “skull fractured under the influence of alcohol” (95), illustrates the way in which violent reality is purposefully hidden by the sanitized stories the family tells its children. This practice of concealing traumatic truths is central to the theme of The Decay of the Aristocracy, suggesting that the family’s social standing is built upon a foundation of denial. The psychological cost of this suppression becomes evident in Pista’s development and his parents’ actions. Lajos seeks an “anaesthetic” in his affair with Bertha, thinking of sex as a way to numb his senses to reality. Lilly’s response to discovering her husband’s infidelity—a silent glance at her own reflection—signals a deep emotional vacancy. She is more concerned with how this incident reflects on her own sense of self than about what it says about their marriage. The dysfunction is illustrated by two moments: Pista’s perception of his parents’ lovemaking as a monstrous, self-destructive creature and Lajos’s subsequent fleeting impulse to suffocate his son. These are symptoms of a deep-seated rot that is consciously ignored or obfuscated by the family, speaking to the theme of The Weight of Inherited History, as the unexamined violence of the past manifests as present-day emotional perversion and dark compulsions.


While Lajos drives his luxurious Adler Diplomat, he reflects with irritation on his sister Ilona’s anxieties about the growing Nazi threat. His internal monologue, which dismisses Hitler as “ridiculous” while also admiring his “theatrical talent” (102), captures the privileged detachment of an aristocrat who views history as a spectacle rather than a direct threat. Even though his brother-in-law is directly threatened by the Nazis, Lajos is preoccupied by Hitler’s theatricality rather than his threat. He can’t conceive of a world in which is aristocratic privilege is actually punctured. This perspective is reinforced by his social circle; he’s on his way to visit friends who are neighbors with Nazi propagandist Leni Riefenstahl, placing him in a world of aristocratic complicity where fascism is an aesthetic phenomenon. The narrative immediately contrasts this by shifting to Ilona’s harrowing memory of fleeing Austria, detailing the humiliation of a state-sanctioned strip search. This sharp structural juxtaposition exemplifies the theme of The Interaction of Macro and Micro in Understanding History. Lajos’s insulated denial is set against the brutal, physical reality his sister has already experienced, demonstrating how the same historical moment can be a topic of abstract debate for the privileged and a matter of visceral survival for its victims.


The romance between Pista and Matilda unfolds in the fragile, secret world of the reading and writing motif. Their relationship is built through letters, a medium that allows for an intimacy they’re too shy to express in person. Pista’s ritual of memorizing and then eating Matilda’s letters is a significant act, transforming her words from mere communication into a substance to be physically consumed and internalized. Her letters, he subconsciously believes, sustain him. It’s a desperate, almost mystical attempt to possess and protect their love in a world that offers no other security. This private idyll is broken by Matilda’s mother, who, upon witnessing their first kiss, locks her daughter in a broom cupboard. Mrs. Telkes’s sermon, filled with “nightmarish images” of violation, speaks to the specific historical moment. In the context of 1930s Europe, her extreme fear reflects the historical anxieties of a Jewish family facing a rising tide of antisemitism, which is why her speech is “steeped in allegory and symbolism” that derives from her reading of the Torah (119). Her cruelty is a distorted, traumatic response, a desperate attempt to shield her daughter from a world she rightly perceives as lethally dangerous.


Across these chapters, the characters’ physical bodies become a primary site of conflict and transformation. Pista, feeling weak and victimized, methodically builds his body into a muscular fortress, creating a physical self that can withstand the attacks his sensitive inner self cannot. The depiction of this sensitive inner self includes his confusion and horror at the sight of his parents having sex. He sees his parents’ bodies merge into a grotesque, four-legged creature, an image that recasts sexuality as monstrous and violent rather than intimate, largely due to his naïve lack of knowledge regarding sex. His childlike innocence turns sex into something monstrous, influencing his desire to fortify himself against the unknown. Meanwhile, the state’s power is enacted directly upon the body; Ilona and her young son are forced to strip for inspection at the border, a political violation that is personal and physical. Finally, Matilda’s body becomes the canvas for her emotional suffering, as she wastes away, unable to eat from the pain of her forced separation from Pista. In each instance, the body registers the pressures of family trauma, historical forces, and psychological anguish, demonstrating how abstract conflicts are ultimately written on human flesh.

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