50 pages 1-hour read

Nana

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1880

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Chapter 14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 14 Summary

Nana disappears for many months. Rumors spread about her whereabouts, but on one July evening, Lucy Stewart tells Caroline Héquet that Nana is back from Russia, where she had been having an affair with the Russian prince. Nana’s son Louis, who had smallpox, passed it to his mother. Louis died, and Nana has fallen very ill. To everyone’s surprise, Rose Mignon, one of Nana’s chief rivals, has nursed her faithfully ever since.


In the midst of Nana’s illness, France’s legislative body has voted to go to war with Prussia, and crowds of people are gathering on the streets in a patriotic fervor. Nana’s friends hear the crowd’s shouts outside constantly as they gather at the hotel where she lies dying.


When the women arrive at the hotel, Clarisse, Simonne, Léa, and Gaga are already in Nana’s room. Mignon, Fauchery, and Fontan are in the hotel as well, but they stay downstairs, afraid of catching smallpox. Auguste urges the newly arrived women to tell Rose to come down, afraid that even if smallpox does not kill her it could give her lasting scars that would damage the couple’s earning potential. Muffat sits far away from the crowd, lost in a daze and oblivious even of the loud noises outside.


Eventually, a concierge comes downstairs and tells the assembled group that Nana has died. The news strikes them as unbelievable and surreal. All the women gather around Nana’s body, but quickly turn to discussing France’s evolving political situation. Only Léa dares to voice the suspicion that Prussia’s Otto von Bismarck will “give us a good thrashing” (374) and that the war is a mistake, but the rest shush her. Gaga, one of the oldest among them, remembers 1848, when revolutionary fervor led then-king Louis-Philippe to abdicate his throne so that a republican government could take his place. She warns that this was an awful time of frightening economic uncertainty when she was “dying of hunger” (374). The other women join her in praying that the Empire will continue to flourish, and that God will preserve the Emperor.


Eventually, they decide to leave Nana’s room, as no one knows whether smallpox is more or less communicable from a corpse. Rose lights a candle for her before she goes, and Nana’s illuminated face alarms them. It is unrecognizable, covered with bloody pustules that have distorted her features. Outside, the marchers continue their shout: “To Berlin! To Berlin! To Berlin!” (375).

Chapter 14 Analysis

The novel’s final chapter reinforces many character beats that have been prevalent throughout the story while also tying up Nana’s larger symbolic significance in French history. One of the most striking aspects of Nana’s tragic death by smallpox is that all her male lovers desert her in her final hours, afraid of catching the disease, while her female friends and fellow sex workers attend her bedside. This dichotomy reminds readers that while Nana was using her lovers for financial security, they were using her right back—not just for sexual pleasure, but for the social clout of bedding the highest-profile courtesan in Paris. La Faloise is the only one who openly admits this, but the callousness of the men who gather in the hotel shows that they never had any real attachment to her. Only Muffat seems deeply shaken by Nana’s death. The women in Nana’s orbit, however, who understand what it means to endure the financial highs and lows of being kept mistresses, as well as the danger and reality of physical abuse, feel a duty to be with Nana in her final moments. Even Nana’s enemy Rose Mignon shows a tender, sisterly devotion to her.


With Nana’s death, the runaway train of the Second Empire’s excesses finally crashes. A gathering mob outside assembles to march to war, not knowing what the conflict with Prussia would bring. But Zola, writing 10 years later, did know: France would be defeated, and Napoleon III taken prisoner, bringing an end to the Second Empire. France would subsequently become a republic once more and Germany, because of its unification, would replace France as the dominant European power. Nana, a character who is larger than life, represents all that felt larger than life about the Second Empire—not just the flourishing of uninhibited sexuality, but its lavish, performative materialism as well.

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