45 pages 1-hour read

Benjamin Zephaniah

Refugee Boy

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2001

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Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

Alem is a 14-year-old boy of Eritrean and Ethiopian heritage. Because of his multiethnic identity, he faces severe persecution in both countries amid the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. Left in London by his father to seek asylum, he is a dedicated student who loves architecture and reading. He is observant and determined to honor his parents' hopes for him to be a good person, focusing on his education as a way to build a stable future.

Key Relationships

Son of Mr. Kelo

Son of Mrs. Kelo

Foster Son of Mrs. Fitzgerald

Foster Brother of Ruth Fitzgerald

Foster Son of Mr. Fitzgerald

Client of Mariam

Friend of Robert

Target of Sweeney

Mr. Kelo is an Ethiopian man from the Amhara tribe who deeply loves his son. Desperate to protect his multiethnic child from the violence of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War, he makes the agonizing decision to leave Alem in the British asylum system. He believes that preserving his son's physical safety and moral character is worth the pain of separation.

Key Relationships

Father of Alem Kelo

Husband of Mrs. Kelo

Client of Nicholas Morgan

Mrs. Fitzgerald is an Irish woman who, along with her husband, fosters children in England. Having experienced discrimination as an Irish immigrant, she is empathetic to Alem's struggles as a refugee. She provides a stable, comforting presence and strongly encourages Alem's educational pursuits without being overbearing.

Key Relationships

Foster Mother of Alem Kelo

Mother of Ruth Fitzgerald

Wife of Mr. Fitzgerald

Ruth is the teenage daughter of Alem's foster parents. She keeps her distance at first due to past trauma from abusive foster siblings, making her wary of newcomers. Over time, she observes Alem's gentle nature and actively steps in to help him preserve his family memories.

Key Relationships

Foster Sister of Alem Kelo

Daughter of Mrs. Fitzgerald

Daughter of Mr. Fitzgerald

Supporting Characters

Mrs. Kelo is Alem's Eritrean mother. She is a compassionate visionary who co-founded the East African Solidarity Trust (EAST) to promote unity and peace between warring African tribes. She remains in a war-torn region while her husband secures their son's safety abroad.

Key Relationships

Mother of Alem Kelo

Wife of Mr. Kelo

Mariam is an Ethiopian caseworker for the Refugee Council in London. She helps Alem navigate the complexities of the British asylum system, finding him accommodations and guiding him through dehumanizing bureaucratic processes. She offers him practical advice and realistic expectations about his legal situation.

Key Relationships

Caseworker of Alem Kelo

Coworker of Pamela

Colleague of Sheila

Mr. Fitzgerald is an Irish immigrant who serves as Alem's foster father. Like his wife, he remembers the hardship of coming to England and uses his position to offer a safe harbor for vulnerable children escaping difficult circumstances.

Key Relationships

Husband of Mrs. Fitzgerald

Father of Ruth Fitzgerald

Foster Father of Alem Kelo

Nicholas is an immigration lawyer who takes on Alem's asylum case. He works to prove to the British courts that his clients face genuine, life-threatening danger if returned to Africa, constantly battling the skepticism of the adjudicators.

Key Relationships

Lawyer of Alem Kelo

Lawyer of Mr. Kelo

Robert, whose birth name is Roberto, is a schoolmate of Alem's whose parents are originally from Chile. After a clumsy introduction, he quickly befriends Alem, bonding over their shared experiences as children of immigrants and helping Alem adjust to British school life.

Key Relationships

Friend of Alem Kelo

Friend of Ray Buckley

Friend of Asher

Sheila is a social worker who assists Alem after his troubled stay at the children's home. She handles the logistics of his placement with the Fitzgerald family and helps coordinate his ongoing care, maintaining contact as his situation evolves.

Key Relationships

Social Worker for Alem Kelo

Colleague of Mariam

Ray, commonly known as Buck, is a reserved student who plays in a band. He becomes friends with Alem, offering a quiet presence that appeals to Alem's personality.

Key Relationships

Friend of Alem Kelo

Friend of Robert

Asher is a Jamaican Rastafarian who deeply reveres Ethiopia as a spiritual homeland. He shares his passionate beliefs about African unity with Alem, providing him with a different perspective on his heritage.

Key Relationships

Friend of Robert

Acquaintance of Alem Kelo

Sweeney is an aggressive boy living in the children's home. He uses intimidation and physical violence to steal food from other boys, creating a hostile environment that quickly pushes Alem to seek safety elsewhere.

Key Relationships

Attacker of Alem Kelo

Bully of Stanley Burton

Mustafa is a quiet resident at the children's home who observes the internal politics of the facility. He warns Alem about the local bullies and explains the tragic histories behind the behavior of the other boys.

Key Relationships

Informant to Alem Kelo

Fellow Resident with Sweeney

Stanley is Alem's talkative roommate at the children's home. He suffers from severe trauma and vivid nightmares stemming from his father's death and his mother's subsequent psychiatric breakdown.

Key Relationships

Roommate of Alem Kelo

Victim of Sweeney

Pamela is a representative from the Refugee Council who accompanies Mariam to process Alem after he is left alone at the London hotel. She assists in taking his initial statement for the Home Office.

Key Relationships

Coworker of Mariam

Caseworker for Alem Kelo

Mr. Hardwick is the manager of the London hotel where Alem's father leaves him. He acts responsibly by contacting the Refugee Council and ensuring Alem has a safe place to stay until they arrive.

Key Relationships

Temporary Caretaker of Alem Kelo