Selling Manhattan

Carol Ann Duffy

19 pages 38-minute read

Carol Ann Duffy

Selling Manhattan

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1987

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

This collective voice represents the Lenape Nation and other displaced Indigenous peoples. The speaker sings with genuine affection for the natural world and possesses a deep spiritual connection to the land and water. Forced off their territory through trickery and violence, they provide a somber reflection on the cultural and environmental destruction initiated by European colonization.

Key Relationships

Displaced by The Dutch Settlers

Devoted to The Great Earth Spirit

Swindled by Peter Minuit

These newly arrived European colonizers view the natural world entirely as a commodity to be bought, sold, and exploited. They speak in harsh and arrogant language. To secure vast tracts of land, they trade cheap glass beads, whiskey, and weapons with local tribes. They lack any spiritual connection to the earth they rapidly degrade.

Key Relationships

Exploiter of The Indigenous Speaker

Led by Peter Minuit

Desecrator of The Great Earth Spirit

Worshipper of The Christian God

Supporting Characters

The historical leader of the Dutch Trading Company who directs the 1626 purchase of the southern tip of New Netherlands. He represents the overarching corporate forces driving the rapid settlement of the Americas. He secures massive acreage for roughly twenty-four dollars worth of baubles.

Key Relationships

Leader of The Dutch Settlers

Exploiter of The Indigenous Speaker

This entity serves as the unifying, living soul of the natural world, heavily revered by local Indigenous cultures. It animates the birds, animals, waterways, and trees. It faces direct poisoning and exhaustion as new colonists impose their ownership-driven mindset upon the wilderness, eventually fading to a small shadow.

Key Relationships

Revered by The Indigenous Speaker

Desecrated by The Dutch Settlers

The deity worshipped by the European colonizers. The settlers interpret biblical commands from Genesis to subdue the earth as an absolute license to claim dominion over the natural world. They use this religious framework to justify their aggressive material expansion.

Key Relationships

Worshipped by The Dutch Settlers