Skylark

Paula McLain
73 pages2-hour read
Fiction
Novel
Adult
Published in 2026

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Parts 21-30Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains discussion of religious discrimination, gender discrimination, ableism, sexual harassment and violence, mental illness, pregnancy loss, child death, death by suicide, suicidal ideation, substance use, graphic violence, physical and emotional abuse, and illness and death.

Part 21: “Paris: 1942” - Part 30: “Île de la Cité, Paris: 1857”

Part 21, Chapter 73 Summary

After several days hiding in the Parisian tunnels, Sasha is anxious about the families they left behind. When Sasha voices her fears, Kristof speaks first, offering comfort and advising her to keep her loved ones in her thoughts like a candle in the dark. Alesander shares a story about a woman he met in the mountains who carried hope for her children “like a weapon” (353). Alesander and Kristof are planning a difficult escape route to Spain.


The teenage group shares a small dinner of canned food. Later, Gérard and Sasha speak privately. He confesses he was shy but had admired her from afar before they officially met. He compares the connections between separated people to the harmony between instruments in an orchestra. Sasha gently touches a cut on his face. As they part for the night, Gérard gives Sasha a small stone with a fern fossil, a remnant of an ancient past. Alesander announces they will begin their journey in the morning.

Part 21, Chapter 74 Summary

Kristof and Alesander are finalizing their escape plans when Ursula arrives. She informs them that Julian has been released. She explains that Claudel labeled the charges against Julian as administrative irregularities and presented himself to those in power as a loyal administrator to facilitate Julian’s release.


Ursula to offers to help smuggle the four teenagers out of Paris. Kristof, moved by her courage and integrity, readily accepts her help. For him, Ursula has become a moral compass, representing a commitment to defiance in the face of overwhelming danger.

Part 21, Chapter 75 Summary

The group begins their three-day journey through the tunnels toward their first safe house in Chevilly-Larue. Alesander leads them through ancient limestone quarries and narrow passages, explaining the history of the subterranean world. To keep her mind occupied and to map their progress, Sasha builds a memory palace and recites Ovid’s Metamorphoses.


When the others ask about the story, she recounts the myth of Philomela, a woman who, after being raped and mutilated by her brother-in-law, is transformed into a nightingale and finds her voice through song. Sasha explains that it is about how people survive by becoming something new. The story connects with the group, and she reflects on the similarities between them and Ovid’s characters.

Part 22, Chapter 76 Summary

Alouette, Marguerite, and Sylvine finalize their escape plan. Marguerite prepares a wine drugged with valerian to incapacitate the guards, timing their escape for the long winter night. Their plan is to flee through a sewer tunnel located beneath the hospital’s chapel.


As they wait, Alouette finds a small pouch of spreading bellflower seeds she had hidden months earlier. Though the flower has no practical use, she feels a strange comfort in its simple existence and tucks the seeds away. After evening prayers, Marguerite successfully drugs the guards’ wine. The three women disguise themselves in stolen nuns’ robes and slip into the chapel, descending through a hidden door into the crypt and then into the sewer below.

Part 22, Chapter 77 Summary

Alouette, Marguerite, and Sylvine navigate the foul, dark sewer, which is infested with rats. As they proceed, the water level rises and Alouette, experiences sharp abdominal cramps. They reach a partially collapsed section of the tunnel and are forced to crawl through a narrow, jagged opening one by one.


After they are all through, the passage behind them collapses, cutting off any possibility of retreat. The water continues to rise, reaching their waists and making every step a struggle. Just as their strength is failing, they see moonlight ahead. They have reached the end of the tunnel, but their path is blocked by a heavy iron grate that has rusted shut.

Part 22, Chapter 78 Summary

Trapped, the women nearly despair. Marguerite, however, notices that flooding has weakened the mortar around the stones holding the grate in place. They begin chipping away at the mortar with rocks until they manage to pry one of the large stones loose.


After removing a few more stones, the grate collapses into the water, clearing their path. They discover, however, that the opening leads directly into the swollen, treacherous Seine. Realizing they have no other choice, they resolve to swim. Marguerite goes first, successfully fighting the current to reach the far bank. Alouette and Sylvine then plunge into the freezing water to follow her.

Part 23, Chapter 79 Summary

The group realize their increased danger when they discover recent German survey marks, indicating the Nazis are exploring the area. After navigating a dangerously tight passage, they stop to rest in a former quarrymen’s lunchroom. Kristof observes the teenagers’ resilience and kindness toward one another.


Alesander is shaken by the German presence, feeling the weight of responsibility for the group’s safety. Kristof reassures him, affirming his trust. Sasha reveals that she has been building a mental map of their route, a “memory palace,” so they can retrace their steps if needed. Gérard compares her to the nymph Echo in the Metamorphoses, who used her limitations to save herself. Sasha recites a line of Latin from Ovid: “All things change, and we change with them” (383).

Part 23, Chapter 80 Summary

The group discovers an old monastery wine cellar partially hidden behind a collapsed wall. Alesander opens an ancient bottle of wine, and he, Kristof, and Ursula share a drink. To lighten the mood, Alesander introduces the Surrealist drawing game “Exquisite Corpse,” where each person draws a section of a body without seeing the other parts.


Kristof and Ursula are initially hesitant, but the teenagers enthusiastically join in. As Alesander predicted, the teens play without self-consciousness. The three adults create a strange hybrid creature: Alesander’s snake-headed Medusa contribution atop Ursula’s fluid, vaselike body and Kristof’s careful, almost mechanical legs. Alesander reflects on the human ability to create meaning from unseen fragments, relating it to the historical graffiti and masons’ marks on the tunnel walls left by those who sheltered there long ago.

Part 23, Chapter 81 Summary

After nearly 40 hours underground, time has lost its meaning for Sasha. The journey is disorienting but also filled with moments of unexpected beauty, such as quartz crystals and colorful bands in the stone. The stress of the journey causes friction, but the group’s bond deepens through acts of kindness and support.


Sasha finds herself thinking about Gérard, a welcome distraction from her fears about her family’s fate. She makes a pact with herself to hold her family in her mind without letting the worry consume her. Their journey continues until they reach a sinkhole in the tunnel floor. They must cross a narrow, crumbling ledge. The group makes it across one by one, anchored by a rope. Alesander is the last to cross, but the ledge beneath him gives way. Kristof is jerked forward and manages to brace himself, still holding the rope. The rope snaps and Alesander plummets into the darkness.

Part 24, Chapter 82 Summary

In 1664, Alouette, Marguerite, and Sylvine struggle onto the muddy bank of the Seine, just yards from Salpêtrière. They are dangerously exposed, so they find shelter in a nearby warehouse, where they discover dry workers’ clothes to replace their own.


Their respite is short-lived as guards with lanterns approach, searching the area. The three women hide a hayloft, pulling the ladder up after them. The guards enter and pass directly under their hiding spot. Convinced by false tracks leading away from the building, most of the guards leave to follow the trail. The remaining two soon give up their search, and the women are left alone in the darkness.

Part 24, Chapter 83 Summary

After the guards leave, the women escape the warehouse. With dawn approaching, they have little time to find sanctuary. They navigate through the dark, muddy streets. Reaching the Pont Marie, a bridge leading into the city, they find it blocked by guards questioning a ferryman.


Seeing several unattended skiffs moored nearby, they decide to steal one. They slip into a boat and push off into the powerful current of the Seine. They manage to row across the river, passing unnoticed under the bridge, and land on the right bank. Sylvine, who knows Paris, leads them through the maze-like streets of the Marais district. Just as the sky begins to lighten, they arrive at the convent of the Sisters of Saint Catherine and ring the bell, asking for sanctuary. A nun opens the door and lets them inside.

Part 25, Chapter 84 Summary

After Alesander falls, Kristof rappels into the sinkhole to rescue him. He finds Alesander severely injured. The group works together to haul Alesander back up to the tunnel, but his wounds are clearly fatal.


As he lies dying, Alesander speaks of his home in the Pyrenees. Kristof comforts him, and Annette hums a fragment of “Minor Swing” she has heard Alesander whistle throughout their journey. Before he dies, Alesander asks Kristof to promise that the path ahead is clear. After his death, Sasha writes in chalk on the tunnel wall a quote from the poet Horace, “Not all of me shall die,” (410) followed by a Latin invocation for the dead: ”Manes, remember him. Traveler, listen: He lived bravely” (410), with a drawing of a liberty bird. She explains the bird is a guide for the next traveler.

Part 25, Chapter 85 Summary

With Kristof leading them using Alesander’s maps, the group continues their journey. The loss of Alesander weighs heavily on them. Gérard and Sasha walk together, comforting each other with the hope that they will one day be reunited with their families.


After nearly 72 hours underground, they see a sliver of light. The tunnel opens into a meadow at dusk. In the distance, they see a low stone farmhouse: their first safe house. As they wait for full darkness, Sasha feels a sense of calm. She opens a new chamber in her memory palace, vowing to return after the war and search for her family. Taking Gérard’s hand, she steps forward into the unknown future.

Part 26, Chapter 86 Summary

After arriving at the convent, Alouette suffers a miscarriage. The nuns care for her with kindness and skill. The eldest sister asks if Alouette would like to name her son, and Alouette names him René, after her father; the sisters will bury him with prayers. The Mother Superior assures Alouette that they will use their influence in Paris to expose the abuses at Salpêtrière. She reveals that Alouette’s mother, Henriette, once took refuge at the same convent and is now living and working as an herbalist in Provins. She offers to write and tell Henriette that Alouette is safe. 


Days later, once they have recovered some strength, Alouette, Marguerite, and Sylvine leave the convent, hidden in a merchant’s cart. They travel west, toward Sylvine’s family home in Brittany, to begin a new life.

Part 27, Chapter 87 Summary

Nearly three months after escaping Paris, Sasha’s group is hiking through the hills south of Toulouse, nearing the Pyrenees and the Spanish border. Their group of refugees has grown, now including a family from Bruges and others who escaped persecution. Kristof tells Sasha that their route is becoming a well-traveled “corridor” or “chain” for people fleeing the Nazis.


They pause to rest, and Kristof reflects on their progress, saying that Alesander would be proud of them. Sasha agrees, feeling a mix of sadness and determination. The group continues their steady march south, united in their purpose as the afternoon light spreads across the valley.

Part 28, Chapter 88 Summary

In 1665, Étienne, having been contacted by the Sisters of Saint Catherine, travels toward Brittany in search of Alouette. He arrives at an inn in the town of Lamballe, just a few days’ journey from her supposed destination. He worries about how her ordeal at Salpêtrière may have changed her and is afraid to ask about her for fear of exposing her.


While eating in the common room, he is stunned to see Alouette enter. They reunite, and he explains how he found her. He delivers the news that her father died in prison and Alouette seems to have already known this in her heart. Étienne gives her the small limestone lark he carved for her; she traces its wings and murmurs their shared words, “Even stone can learn to fly” (429). He offers her his maps and help in escaping to Holland or England. She rests her head on his chest and takes his hand.

Part 29, Chapter 89 Summary

By 1666, Alouette, Étienne, Marguerite, and Sylvine have established a life in a small cottage on the cliffs of Brittany. Alouette, pregnant again, has spent the year creating a “color bible,” a collection of blue dye recipes gathered from local women, preserving their traditional knowledge.


As a storm begins, Alouette goes into labor. With the help of Étienne, Marguerite, and Étienne’s daughter Marie, she gives birth to a healthy baby girl, whom she names Christiane. When she begins to hemorrhage, Alouette realizes she is dying. Étienne holds her and their newborn daughter by the window. As she looks out at the dawn sky, she sees the perfect, unattainable shade of blue she has always sought. 


The narrative flashes forward, showing that Christiane will thrive, the other women will continue Alouette’s legacy of knowledge, and Étienne will ensure her “color bible” is preserved by the Sisters of Saint Catherine.

Part 30, Epilogue Summary

In 1857, a woman works in a small stained-glass studio in Paris. She is a distant descendant of Alouette, and she is using the unique blue dye formula that has been passed down through generations of women in her family. The recipe, a symbol of her ancestor’s creative genius and defiance, was never written down but passed orally from mother to daughter as an act of preservation and resistance.


The artist sees this special blue as the color of a lasting, transforming soul. After setting the last piece, she makes a small, hidden inscription in the glass. The completed panel, which depicts a skylark, is a vow to those who persevere through hardship. It is destined to endure through future revolutions and wars, its encoded history of female resilience unknown to future generations who will gaze upon it.

Parts 21-30 Analysis

Sasha’s recitation of Ovid in the tunnels provides a mythological framework for understanding the characters’ transformations under duress. When she explains that Metamorphoses is about “how people endure by becoming something new” (364), she rejects ideas of passive victimhood in favor of dynamic agency. This conscious intellectual and emotional strategy aligns with the theme of how Art and Culture as Means to Preserve Memory and Identity. By invoking the myth of Philomela—who finds her voice in song after trauma—Sasha offers her companions a narrative of resilience that transcends their immediate, grim reality. The motif of Ovid’s Metamorphoses recurs as Sasha and Gérard later quote the Latin phrase, “All things change, and we change with them” (386), solidifying the idea that their identities are fluid and being reshaped by their journey. This use of classical literature turns their flight into a mythic quest, allowing them to see themselves as figures in a timeless story of survival and transformation, a process which echoes Alouette’s evolution centuries earlier.


The parallel escape narratives of Alouette’s and Sasha’s groups highlight The Physical and Conceptual “Underground” as a Space for Resistance against oppressive surface worlds. For Alouette, Sylvine, and Marguerite, the sewer beneath Salpêtrière is a foul, dangerous passage—a literal crawl through the asylum’s filth—that leads to a precarious freedom. The tunnel collapsing behind them makes their escape an irreversible break from the past. Similarly, for Sasha’s group, the ancient limestone quarries offer a “passage between what was and what might someday be” (357). This subterranean world, marked with centuries of human history, is depicted as a living landscape of memory and risk. The discovery of recent German survey marks transforms the motif of the Paris souterrain from a historical curiosity into a contested, strategic territory. In both timelines, the city’s hidden depths provide a physical and symbolic pathway to survival, representing a counter-history and a space of defiance unavailable on the patrolled, authoritarian streets above.


The novel’s conclusion finds resolution in the creation of a lasting legacy through art and memory. After Alesander’s death, Sasha’s chalk inscription on the tunnel wall, “Non omnis moriar” (140)—“Not all of me shall die”—is an immediate act of defiance, transforming his personal sacrifice into a lasting message for future resistance fighters. This impulse is mirrored and brought to fruition in the epilogue. The symbol of Voland’s blue dye, once Alouette’s private intellectual property, becomes a matrilineal inheritance, preserved orally and used by her descendant to create a stained-glass window. The artist’s work, which encodes a history of female resilience, ensures Alouette’s struggle for creative freedom outlasts her own life. Both Sasha’s ephemeral drawing and the permanent stained-glass panel function as testaments to how art and culture serve as means to preserve memory and identity, arguing that the gravest acts of rebellion are those that transmit stories of courage to future generations.


The symbol of the stone lark evolves throughout the final sections, tracking the progression from private hope to a public, lasting legacy. When Étienne gives Alouette the small limestone carving, it reaffirms their personal bond and her long-held dream of freedom, prompting her to murmur, “Even stone can learn to fly?” (432). At this point, the lark is a tangible token of their shared past and a promise of a possible future. The Epilogue elevates this personal symbol into a universal one. The stained-glass window depicting a skylark, created by Alouette’s descendant, is described as “a vow to those who rise, again and again, despite the weight of the world” (446). Its transformation from a humble, hand-carved object to an illuminated work of art encapsulates the novel’s arc: private acts of love and endurance are ultimately woven into a larger, collective narrative of human resilience that can be witnessed by all.


The narratives in both timelines culminate in a direct confrontation with the systems that seek to control and erase individuals, illustrating how Medicine and Bureaucracy as Tools of Oppression can be both wielded and subverted. In the 1940s, Dr. Claudel manipulates the system from within, using the language of “administrative irregularities” (360) to save one colleague while likely sacrificing others to maintain his position of power—a quiet act of complicity. In contrast, the 17th-century narrative offers a model of external defiance. Alouette and her companions’ escape is a direct rejection of the asylum’s authority, and their testimony provides the Mother Superior with the evidence needed to challenge Salpêtrière’s abuses through her own influential networks. The convent, once a place of refuge for Alouette’s mother, becomes a base for organizing resistance against the institution. This juxtaposition suggests that while collaboration may offer a path to individual survival, only active opposition can hope to dismantle the oppressive structures themselves.

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