A Canadian American historian notable for his contributions to world history and his ideas on cultural diffusion. He provides a broad view of human history by emphasizing cross-cultural exchanges rather than focusing solely on European civilization.

A religious teacher in ancient India, known for founding Buddhism and promoting the path to enlightenment through a middle way between asceticism and indulgence. His teachings and monastery system helped spread Buddhism across Asia.

An Arab prophet who founded Islam, receiving divine revelations that became the Quran. His teachings facilitated the rapid growth of Islamic civilization, influencing millions and encouraging connections through religion, trade, and conquest.