The Thirty Nine Steps

John Buchan

The Thirty Nine Steps

John Buchan
40 pages1-hour read
Fiction
Novel
Adult
Published in 1915

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Character List

Meet the key characters, with insights into their roles, motivations, and relationships—spoiler-free.

Major Characters

Richard is a 37-year-old mining engineer who recently returned to London from the British colony of Rhodesia. He finds city life dull until a neighbor pulls him into an espionage plot. Adaptable and highly practical, he possesses specialized skills in deciphering codes and utilizing explosives. He approaches danger with a mixture of casual confidence and patriotic responsibility, choosing to handle international threats personally rather than relying entirely on authorities.

Key Relationships

Political Ally of Sir Walter Bullivant

Targeted by The Black Stone

Adversary of Marmaduke "Marmie" Jopley

Franklin is an American spy originally from Kentucky who possesses a strong personal moral code mixed with paranoia and troubling biases. He operates covertly, utilizing ciphers and disguises to evade his dangerous pursuers. His frantic discoveries about a global assassination plot pull Hannay into the dangerous world of international intrigue.

Key Relationships

Neighbor of Richard Hannay

Pursued by The Black Stone

A ruthless organization of German spies operating covertly within Great Britain. The group functions primarily through three operatives: a cruel young man, a stout man capable of assuming numerous identities, and an older man who serves as their primary intellect. They intend to plunge Europe into war by stealing British naval secrets and orchestrating a high-profile political assassination.

Key Relationships

Pursuer of Richard Hannay

Plotter against Constantine Karolides

The permanent secretary to the Foreign Office, representing the respectable and secure embodiment of British law and government. Despite his high-ranking bureaucratic position, he is skilled in spy craft and remains approachable to ordinary citizens. He provides vital institutional support while recognizing the value of individual initiative.

Key Relationships

Political Sponsor of Richard Hannay

Colleague of MacGillivray

Diplomatic Associate of Royer

Supporting Characters

A young Scottish man who recently inherited a remote countryside inn from his father. Driven by a deep appreciation for Romantic literature, he longs for excitement and distrusts the mundane routines of his daily life. His imaginative spirit makes him a willing participant when unexpected danger arrives at his door.

Key Relationships

A well-meaning aspiring politician seeking election in a rival party's stronghold. He relies heavily on the opinions of his handlers and is desperate for assistance with his upcoming political speeches. Despite his ignorance of international affairs, he proves to be an excellent judge of character with valuable government connections.

Key Relationships

A working-class Scottish road repairman who holds anti-establishment views and resents his grueling labor. Wearing large horn spectacles and speaking in a thick dialect, he is naturally trusting and hospitable. He serves as a quiet but crucial source of aid during Hannay's desperate evasion.

Key Relationships

A privileged socialite whom Hannay knows from London society. He courts upper-class connections for their wealth and prestige, lacking the physical courage found in more humble citizens. He readily defers to authority figures when faced with conflict.

Key Relationships

Coerced Driver for Richard Hannay

A prominent Greek politician whose impending visit to London makes him a central figure in European geopolitics. His potential removal from power is viewed as a catalyst that could severely destabilize international relations.

Key Relationships

Targeted by The Black Stone

A high-ranking official at Scotland Yard. He represents the formal British police bureaucracy that manages criminal investigations and coordinates with foreign intelligence agencies to clear innocent suspects.

Key Relationships

Investigator of Richard Hannay

A French representative and intelligence official who meets with British politicians to exchange vital military arrangements. He understands the psychological motivations of spies and provides critical insight into their behavior when the group is compromised.

Key Relationships

Diplomatic Associate of Sir Walter Bullivant

A Scotland Yard deputy tasked with assisting in the search for a coastal departure point used by enemy agents. He is highly capable and possesses the specialized knowledge needed to contact British naval forces docked off the coast.

Key Relationships

Assistant to Richard Hannay

A working-class London tradesman who unknowingly plays an important role in an espionage escape. Trusting and cooperative, he agrees to a strange request to trade clothing for the sake of what he believes is a sporting bet.

Key Relationships

Unwitting Accomplice of Richard Hannay