Phillis is an enslaved, highly educated African American poet living in 18th-century Boston. Kidnapped from West Africa at a young age, she receives an unusual education in classical literature and religion from the family who holds her in bondage. She applies her poetic talent to explore Neoclassical and Christian themes, articulating her thoughts on art, freedom, and spirituality.

Scipio is an enslaved artist and poet who creates visual works that elicit profound emotional and spiritual responses from his audience. He possesses immense technical skill and creative vision, prompting deep philosophical reflections about the nature of art and immortality. He uses his talents to challenge contemporary expectations regarding racial ability.

John is a prominent Boston merchant and tailor who purchases Phillis upon her arrival in the colonies. Considered relatively progressive for his era, he allows Phillis to study alongside his own children, granting her an unusually broad education in classical literature, history, and theology.

Susanna is the wife of a wealthy Boston merchant. Phillis is purchased specifically to serve as her enslaved companion due to the young girl's age and frailty, though the household ultimately provides an environment that nurtures Phillis's literary talents and shields her from harsh physical labor.

John is a free Black man who courts and marries Phillis. He attempts a variety of professions to support his household, including working as a lawyer, grocer, baker, barber, and bartender. He faces severe economic headwinds trying to establish financial stability during the Revolutionary War era.

Selina is the Countess of Huntingdon, a wealthy and influential patron living in London. Active in evangelical and abolitionist causes, she utilizes her resources to arrange for the publication of Wheatley’s first collection of poetry when colonial Americans refuse to support the endeavor.

John is a prominent colonial leader and influential figure in Boston society. When colonists doubt that an enslaved Black woman could write such exceptional poetry, he is among the distinguished men who examine her and sign a formal document verifying her authorship.