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Treasure Island begins with the narrator, Jimâwho narrates in first personâtaking up his pen âin the year of grace 17â (3) and recalling âthe time when my father kept the âAdmiral Benbowâ inn, and the brown old seaman with the saber cut first took up his lodging under our roofâ (3). The old sea captain is described as âa tall, strong, heavy, nut-brown manâ (3) with dirty, broken fingernails and a sword cut across one cheek. He arrives at the inn with a servant who carries his sea chest in a wheelbarrow. He asks Jimâs father for rum when he arrives and then settles into a room. He does little but hang around the cove or go to the cliffs; in the night, he sits by the fire and drinks rum. He strikes up an arrangement with Jim in which he pays Jim âa silver fourpenny on the first of every monthâ (6) if Jim promises to stay on the lookout for a seaman with one leg. Jim has frightening nightmares of this man with one leg. Sometimes the captain drinks âa deal more rum and water than his head would carryâ (7) and sings old sea songs in the inn; sometimes he tells colorful stories of his travels on the sea. He stays for months and runs out of money, but Jimâs father doesnât make him pay. Dr. Livesey comes by the inn to see Jimâs father, who is very ill. Dr. Livesey is a refined man. The captain sings loudly and then asks for silence to tell a story, but Dr. Livesey goes on talking. The captain grows angry and draws a knife, but the doctor remains calm and the old seaman puts the knife away.
It is a cold winter, and Jimâs fatherâs health worsens. One January morning the captain goes for a walk. The innâs parlor door opens, and a man enters whom Jim describes as âa pale, tallowy creature, wanting two fingers of the left handâ (14). The man orders some rum and then asks about a man named Bill. When Jim says he knows no one named Bill, the man describes the sea captain and asks if he is staying at the inn. The man and Jim wait for the captain to return by the innâs door. After Bill enters, he recognizes the man with a look of horror, like âa man who sees a ghost, or the evil one, or something worseâ (17). The strange manâs name is Black Dog. They sit down at the table, and Jim gets them more rum. Jim leaves the room, and the two seamen talk until âall of a sudden there was a tremendous explosion of oaths and other noisesâ (18). Jim then hears a cry of pain and sees Black Dog fleeing the inn, âstreaming blood from the left shoulderâ (19). The captain asks Jim for more rum. While he gets it, the captain falls onto the floor. Dr. Livesey arrives and draws blood from the captain. Dr. Livesey scolds the captain for drinking rum. He tells the captain that if he doesnât âbreak offâ drinking so much rum, he will die. The doctor and Jim help the captain to a bed upstairs.
Jim stops by the captainâs room with some drinks and medicines. The captain asks Jim for some rum. Jim protests but gets him a glass of rum. The captain tells Jim that if âthey tip me the black spot, mind you, itâs my old sea chest theyâre afterâ (26). Jimâs father dies that night. The distress of this event leads Jim to forget the captainâs words about the black spot. The next morning the captain is at the breakfast table, once again helping himself to rum. The night before the funeral, the captain is drunk and singing loudly in the house. The day after the funeral, Jim sees someone coming up the road. The man is blind and walks with a stick. He calls out asking where he is, and Jim responds that he is at the Admiral Benbow. The man asks for help, and Jim offers him his arm. Then the man tells Jim to take him to the captain. Jim tries to avoid doing so, but the old man grips Jimâs arm tightly and hurts him. He takes the man to the captain. When the captain sees the blind man, â[t]he expression of his face was not so much of terror as of mortal sicknessâ (30). Jim helps the blind man pass the captain something. The blind man turns and leaves. The captain looks into his palm then cries, âTen oâclock! [âŠ] Six hours. Weâll do them yetâ (32). The captain rises to his feet and then falls to the floor from a âthundering apoplexyâ (32). Jim bursts into tears and notes, âIt was the second death I had known, and the sorrow of the first was still fresh in my heartâ (32).
Jim tells his mother everything that the captain had told him. Some of the dead captainâs money belongs to them, since he had not paid completely for his lodging at the inn. But Jim warns that Black Dog, the blind man, and others might also be after the money. Jim and his mother go to a nearby hamlet to enlist help against the blind man and the others, but none are willing to go back to the Admiral Benbow with them. Jim says, âThe name of Captain Flint, though it was strange to me, was well enough known to some there and carried a great weight of terrorâ (35). Jim and his mother return to the Admiral Benbow. They lock the door and draw the blinds. They search the dead captainâs body for the key to his sea chest and find it around his neck. They go upstairs to the captainâs room and open the trunk. Inside they find, amongst other items, âa bundle tied up in oilcloth, and looking like papers, and a canvas bag that gave forth, at a touch, the jingle of goldâ (38). Jimâs mother begins to count out her âduesâ (39) when they hear the blind man knocking at the door below. When the knocking stops and they believe the blind man has left, Jim grabs the âoilskin packetâ (40) and they leave the house. They soon hear footsteps behind them. Jimâs mother begins to feel faint, and Jim hides her and himself underneath a bridge on their path.
Jim watches from the bridge as several men, including the blind man, return to the inn and enter. They search the captainâs body and find the chest upstairs. When they realize that âFlintâs fistâ (45) is missing from the chest, the blind man, whose name we learn is Pew, orders the crew to find Jim. They thrash and destroy the inn. They hear a loud whistle from the hill, which is a signal that they are being pursued. Horses appear on the hill, and a pistol fires. The buccaneers scatter in every direction, abandoning the blind man, who is trampled by a horse and killed. Jim waves to the riders. They carry Jim and his mother back to the hamlet, where Jimâs mother is revived. Supervisor Dance and his men go down to Kittâs Hole to intercept one of the buccaneers, but he is already leaving on a small vessel. They return to the Admiral Benbow and find it in âa state of smashâ (50). Jim says, âI could see at once that we were ruinedâ (50). Jim rides with Mr. Dance and the men to visit Dr. Liveseyâs house.
Dr. Livesey is not home. The men ride to the Hall buildings where Dr. Livesey is said to be dining with the squire. Mr. Dance and Jim are shown into âa great library, all lined with bookcases and busts upon the top of them, where the squire and Dr. Livesey sat, pipe in hand, on either side of a bright fireâ (53). The squire is described as âa tall man, over six feet high, and broad in proportion and he had a bluff, rough-and-ready faceâ (53). He has a âlook of some temper, not bad, you would say, but quick and highâ (53). Mr. Dance tells Dr. Livesey and the squire the story of the evening. They listen, enthralled. Dr. Livesey sends for some ale for Mr. Dance. They ask Jim for âthe thing that they were afterâ (54), and Jim produces it. Dr. Livesey puts it in his pocket and announces that although Mr. Dance must be off, he would like Jim to stay for the evening. A meal is brought for Jim, and Mr. Dance leaves. Dr. Livesey asks the squire if he has heard of Flint. The squire says, âHe was the bloodthirstiest buccaneer that sailed. Blackbeard was a child to Flintâ (55). Dr. Livesey asks, âsupposing that I have here in my pocket some clue to where Flint buried his treasure, will that treasure amount to much?â (56). The squire says that he would fit out a ship and search for the treasure if it took a year.
They open the packet and find inside a book and a sealed paper. The book contains a list of dates and sums of money, as well as the names of some places. The account covers a 20-year span and includes a âgrand totalâ (58) at the end. âThese crosses stand for the names of ships or towns that they sank or plunderedâ (58), the squire says. They open the seals of the paper and find inside the map of an island, âwith latitude and longitude, soundings, names of hills, and bays, and inletsâ (59). At one place on the map is written, âBulk of treasure hereâ (60). The squire excitedly tells Dr. Livesey that he will go to Bristol to find a ship and a crew to sail and find the treasure. He says Jim will be the cabin boy. The doctor reminds him that there are likely many others searching for the same treasure and tells him not to say a word about it to anyone.
Chapter 1 introduces the narrator, Jim Hawkins, and his environment and living situation. He is 17 years old, lives at the inn with his parents, and helps them run it. His father is very sick, and dies shortly into the novel, in Chapter 3. It is significant that Jim spends more time describing the old sea captain than he does his father. Indeed, he reflects, âIt is a curious thing to understand, for I had certainly never liked the man, though of late I had begun to pity him, but as soon as I saw that he was dead I burst into a flood of tearsâ (32).
Everything about the sea captain is wrapped in a shroud of mystery. He is described in the first chapter as âa silent man by customâ (5), yet proceeds in these chapters to sing, talk, shout, and fight with many who enter the Admiral Benbow Inn. The captain is willing to pay Jim âa silver fourpennyâ (6) just to keep an eye out for other seamen, even though he does not have enough money to pay for his rent. This tells us how much he hopes to avoid other seamen, but we donât know why he so badly wants to avoid their company. In Chapter 2 he encounters Black Dog, with whom he winds up in a duel, yet we do not learn what the duel is about. By the end of Part 1, the only thing we know the captain wants to avoid is a man with one leg, and this man never appears.
Who does finally appear is a blind man, who is a figure for death itself. Like the figure of the grim reaper, who is often depicted wearing a hood and holding a scythe or stick, the blind man wears âa sea cloak with a hoodâ (29) and walks with a stick. It is for this reason that Jim says of the man, âI never saw a more dreadful-looking figureâ (29), and why the captainâs reaction to seeing the blind man before him is described as âmortalâ (30). Indeed, after the blind man arrives and gives the sea captain the black spot, he dies shortly after, yet we do not learn what the captain did to deserve such a death.
The first three chapters serve to involve Jim in the series of events that comprise the main plot while also establishing the basic characteristics of a seaman. With his father dead, he and his mother now working the inn alone, and a task involving the dead captainâs sea chest before him, Jimâs adventure is just beginning.
In Chapters 4 to 6, Jim is shown to have many virtues. For one, he is loyal to his mother and honest with her about everything the captain told him. He accompanies her to the hamlet to enlist help and does not abandon her when she feels faint and the blind man and his men are close behind. Mr. Dance recognizes his behavior and is willing to offer him help in the form of a horseback ride back to his inn. Mr. Dance then also speaks highly enough of Jim that the squire says, âThis lad Hawkins is a trump, I perceiveâ (54), meaning that Jim has acted well. His behavior is rewarded when the squire asks him to be a cabin boy on the ship set to sail for the treasure. He says of Jim, âYouâll make a famous cabin boy, Hawkinsâ (62).
The squire is presented as potentially greedy and excited in the face of a vast fortune. When Jim first sees him, he is described as having a âlook of some temperâ (53). When the squire makes plans to recover the treasure, he envisions everything going quickly and easily, and imagines great amounts of wealth: âWeâll have favorable winds, a quick passage, and not the least difficulty in finding the spot, and money to eatâto roll inâto play duck and drake with ever afterâ (62). These words signal that proximity to great wealth can change a manâs behavior and attitude, and not for the better. The doctor remains skeptical of the squire, saying, âThereâs only one man Iâm afraid ofâ (62), and then names the squire because, as he says, the squire âcannot hold [his] tongueâ (62).
Conversely, Jimâs mother is not so easily changed by the presence of immense wealth. Instead she is shown as honest. This is demonstrated by her refusal to take all of the gold from the sea captainâs chest, instead wanting only her âduesâ (39). Whereas the squire immediately fantasizes about the life he might live once rich, Jimâs mother thinks only of what she needs.



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