The unnamed voice of the poem operates as a lower-class laborer exposed to the outdoor elements. They endure harsh working conditions and express deep frustration with the unpredictable weather dictating their daily routine. Instead of focusing on grand philosophical ideas, their primary drive is finding physical respite. They desperately seek the comfort of their own bed and the embrace of the person they love.

The romantic partner of the speaker exists primarily as the focal point of the speaker's deep yearning. They remain safely within the domestic sphere while the speaker works outside in the rain. This person represents home, comfort, and warmth, standing in direct opposition to the harsh, uncontrollable nature of the outside world.

The personified natural force addressed by the speaker serves as a central character in the text. Associated with Zephyrus, the Greek god of the west wind and spring, this entity controls the weather patterns that dictate the speaker's working conditions. It holds the ultimate power to either bring life-giving rain or clear the skies for better weather.

The central figure of the Christian faith acts as an urgent spiritual sounding board for the speaker. The sudden apostrophe to this religious figure marks a shift in the poem's tone from natural observation to emotional desperation. The speaker cries out to this figure when feeling overwhelmed by the unpredictability of the physical world, seeking a bridge back to domestic safety.

The Greek goddess of greenery and flowers operates as the mythological wife of Zephyrus. She represents the flourishing flora of spring that inevitably follows the seasonal rains brought by her husband.